1. Cell Structure Flashcards
magnification and units
image size/actual size of specimen
mm- 10^-3
µm- 10^-6
nm- 10^-9
magnification & resolution
the number of times larger an image is than actual
ability to distinguish between two points
microscopes
light microscope- light radiation wavelength 400-700 nm so 200 nm is max resolution. adv- coloured and living species viewed LIVE, max- x1500
electron- dead species, b&w, 0.5nm res as 1nm radiation wavelength, max- x250000
scanning electron m- lower resolution that TEM, 3D appearance, scan surface of specimen
transmission electron m- 2D appearance, details inside cells- internal structures, highest resolution
cell surface membrane
aka plasma membrane
thickness- 7nm
made of phospholipid bilayer
partially permeable
function- controls movement in and out of cell
nucleus, nuclear envelope and nucleolus
largest organelle
has double membranes
nucleolus- production & assembly of rRNA subunits. manufacture of tRNA
rough endoplasmic reticulum
protein synthesis and transport
synthesis of polypeptides
post-translational modification of protein
forms transport vesicles
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body (Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex)
post-translational modification of protein
packaging of protein into vesicles
formation of vesicles/lysosome
mitochondria
presence of small circular DNA
70s ribosome
site of aerobic respiration, where oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP to power cellular activities
ribosomes
ribosomes (80S in the cytoplasm and 70S in chloroplasts
and mitochondria)
lysosomes
centrioles and microtubules
cilia
microvilli
chloroplast
presence of small circular DNA
cell wall
plasmodesmata
large permanent vacuole and tonoplast of plant cells
compare the structure of typical plant and animal cells
cells use energy?
cells use ATP from respiration for energy-requiring
processes
structural features of a prokaryotic cell as found in a typical bacterium
- unicellular
- generally 1–5 µm diameter
- peptidoglycan cell walls
- circular DNA
- 70S ribosomes
- absence of organelles surrounded by double membranes
compare the structure of a prokaryotic cell as found in a
typical bacterium with the structures of typical eukaryotic cells in plants and animals
virus structure
all viruses are non-cellular structures with
1. a nucleic acid core (either DNA or RNA) and
2. a capsid made of protein, and
3. that some viruses have an outer envelope made of phospholipids
