1 Cell Biology - Specialised Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the use of a tail in sperm cells.

A

To swim and move around (to reach the egg)

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2
Q

Why do sperm cells have lots of mitochondria?

A

To provide lots of energy for swimming

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3
Q

Describe the adaptations of a nerve cell.

A

Lots of dendrites; Long axon

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4
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A

Carry electrical impulses

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5
Q

How does having a long axon help neurones with their function?

A

Carry electrical impulses over long distances

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6
Q

Describe how a muscle cell is adapted for its function.

A

Special proteins for contraction; Many mitochondria for energy; Store glycogen to release glucose for respiration

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7
Q

Root hair cells have lots of mitochondria to release energy. What is the energy used for?

A

Active transport of mineral ions into root hair cells

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8
Q

How do the extensions in root hair cells help with their function?

A

Increase surface area for diffusion of water

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9
Q

What is another name for photosynthetic cells in plants?

A

Palisade mesophyll cells and spongey mesophyl

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10
Q

How are photosynthetic cells adapted for photosynthesis?

A

Lots of chloroplasts with chlorophyll to absorb light

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11
Q

Which specialised cell in plants make up the tissue for transporting water?

A

Xylem cells

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12
Q

Name the substance found in xylem cells that allows the cells to withstand high water pressure.

A

Lignin

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13
Q

State a difference in structure between xylem and phloem.

A

X: dead, hollow tube, has lignin; P: living, has sieve plates, no lignin

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