1- Bone Tumours Flashcards
What is the commonest benign bone tumour?
Osteochondroma
What does an osteochondroma look like?
Bony outgrowth on external surface with cartilagenous cap
What is the name given to an intramedullary, usually metaphyseal, cartilagenous tumour caused by failure of normal endochondral ossification?
Enchondroma
What does an enchondroma look like?
Usually lucent but can have patchy, sclerotic appearance
Which bones are usually affected by enchondromas?
Long bones (femur, humerus, tibia) Small bones of hands and feet
What is the name given to a single-cavity benign fluid-filled cyst in a bone?
Simple bone cyst
How do simple bone cysts probably arise?
Growth defect from the physis
What do you call a bone cyst containing lots of chambers, usually filled with blood?
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Where do giant cell tumours usually occur?
Around the knee and distal radius
Are giant cell tumours painful?
Yes
Locally destructive
What is the characteristic appearance of giant cell tumours on XR?
“Soap-bubble” appearance
When does fibrous dysplasia of bone usually occur?
Adolescence, producing immature bone/fibrosis
What name is given to a small nidus of immature bone surrounded by a sclerotic halo?
Osteoid osteoma
What is the predominant clinical feature of osteoid osteoma?
Intense constant pain that is worse at night, relieved by NSAIDs
List general treatment for benign bone tumours
Curettage (scraping)
Bone grafting/cement
Excision
Radiofrequency ablation
What is the most common primary bone tumour?
Osteosarcoma
Most cases of osteosarcoma are seen in over 50s. True/False?
False
Most cases are seen in adolescence/early adulthood
Where does osteosarcoma affect 60% of the time?
Knee
Which is more common - chondrosarcoma or Ewing’s sarcoma?
Chondrosarcoma
Which age group is usually affected by chondrosarcoma?
45yr olds
What is Ewing’s sarcoma?
Malignant tumour of primative cells in the marrow
Most cases of Ewing’s sarcoma occur between the ages of 10 and 20. True/False?
True
List general treatment for primary malignant bone tumours
Surgical excision
Chemotherapy
List the primary malignant tumours that metastasise commonly to bone, from most to less frequent
Breast carcinoma Prostate carcinoma Lung carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma Thyroid adenocarcinoma
List features suggestive of a benign soft tissue neoplasm
Small size Variable size Cystic lesions Well-defined Fluid-filled/fatty
List features suggestive of a malignant soft tissue neoplasm
Large size Rapid growth Solid Ill-defined Irregular surface Systemic features
What is the commonest benign soft tissue tumour?
Lipoma
Where do ganglion cysts occur?
Around a synovial joint/synovial tendon sheath
What is a malignant soft tissue tumour arising from connective tissue?
Sarcoma
