1- Bone Tumours

Question 1

What is the commonest benign bone tumour?

Answer 1

Osteochondroma

Question 2

What does an osteochondroma look like?

Answer 2

Bony outgrowth on external surface with cartilagenous cap

Question 3

What is the name given to an intramedullary, usually metaphyseal, cartilagenous tumour caused by failure of normal endochondral ossification?

Answer 3

Enchondroma

Question 4

What does an enchondroma look like?

Answer 4

Usually lucent but can have patchy, sclerotic appearance

Question 5

Which bones are usually affected by enchondromas?

Answer 5

Long bones (femur, humerus, tibia)
Small bones of hands and feet

Question 6

What is the name given to a single-cavity benign fluid-filled cyst in a bone?

Answer 6

Simple bone cyst

Question 7

How do simple bone cysts probably arise?

Answer 7

Growth defect from the physis

Question 8

What do you call a bone cyst containing lots of chambers, usually filled with blood?

Answer 8

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 9

Where do giant cell tumours usually occur?

Answer 9

Around the knee and distal radius

Question 10

Are giant cell tumours painful?

Answer 10

Yes

Locally destructive

Question 11

What is the characteristic appearance of giant cell tumours on XR?

Answer 11

“Soap-bubble” appearance

Question 12

When does fibrous dysplasia of bone usually occur?

Answer 12

Adolescence, producing immature bone/fibrosis

Question 13

What name is given to a small nidus of immature bone surrounded by a sclerotic halo?

Answer 13

Osteoid osteoma

Question 14

What is the predominant clinical feature of osteoid osteoma?

Answer 14

Intense constant pain that is worse at night, relieved by NSAIDs

Question 15

List general treatment for benign bone tumours

Answer 15

Curettage (scraping)
Bone grafting/cement
Excision
Radiofrequency ablation

Question 16

What is the most common primary bone tumour?

Answer 16

Osteosarcoma

Question 17

Most cases of osteosarcoma are seen in over 50s. True/False?

Answer 17

False

Most cases are seen in adolescence/early adulthood

Question 18

Where does osteosarcoma affect 60% of the time?

Answer 18

Knee

Question 19

Which is more common - chondrosarcoma or Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 19

Chondrosarcoma

Question 20

Which age group is usually affected by chondrosarcoma?

Answer 20

45yr olds

Question 21

What is Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 21

Malignant tumour of primative cells in the marrow

Question 22

Most cases of Ewing’s sarcoma occur between the ages of 10 and 20. True/False?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

List general treatment for primary malignant bone tumours

Answer 23

Surgical excision

Chemotherapy

Question 24

List the primary malignant tumours that metastasise commonly to bone, from most to less frequent

Answer 24

Breast carcinoma
Prostate carcinoma
Lung carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Thyroid adenocarcinoma

Question 25

List features suggestive of a benign soft tissue neoplasm

Answer 25

Small size
Variable size
Cystic lesions
Well-defined
Fluid-filled/fatty

Question 26

List features suggestive of a malignant soft tissue neoplasm

Answer 26

Large size
Rapid growth
Solid
Ill-defined
Irregular surface
Systemic features

Question 27

What is the commonest benign soft tissue tumour?

Answer 27

Lipoma

Question 28

Where do ganglion cysts occur?

Answer 28

Around a synovial joint/synovial tendon sheath

Question 29

What is a malignant soft tissue tumour arising from connective tissue?

Answer 29

Sarcoma