1: Body Planes & Axis of Motion - Yoho

Question 1

a vertical plane passing through the body from front to back

Answer 1

sagittal plane

Question 2

a vertical plane passing through the body from side to side

Answer 2

frontal plane

Question 3

a horizontal plane passing through the body from side to side and front to back

Answer 3

transverse plane

Question 4

the axis of motion is always ______ to the plane in which the motion takes place

Answer 4

perpendicular

motion takes place in on e plane and the axis lies in the other two planes

Question 5

the axis of motion is considered the _____ part, while the motion takes place in the _____ part

Answer 5

proximal; distal

Question 6

abduction and adduction of the foot

Answer 6

transverse plane motion

abduction = motion where the distal aspect of the foot moves away from the midline of the body

adduction = motion where the distal aspect of the foot moves toward the midline of the body

Question 7

internal and external motions of the leg

Answer 7

transverse plane motion

Question 8

dorsiflextion and plantar flexion of the foot/ankle

Answer 8

sagittal plane motion

dorsiflexion = motion where the distal aspect of the foot moves dorsally, or towards the tibia

plantarflexion = motion where the distal aspect of the foot moves plantarly, or away from the tibia

Question 9

flexion and extension of the leg

Answer 9

sagittal plane motion

Question 10

inversion and eversion of the foot

Answer 10

frontal plane motion

inversion = motion where the plantar surface of the foot moves toward the midline of the body

eversion = motion where the plantar surface of the foot moves away from the midline of the body

Question 11

abduction and adduction of the leg

Answer 11

frontal plane motion

Question 12

transverse fixation with the distal end displaced toward midline

Answer 12

adductus (fixed transverse plane)

Question 13

transverse fixation with the distal end displaced away from midline

Answer 13

abductus (fixed transverse plane)

Question 14

a frontal plane fixation in which the plantar surface is turned toward the midline

Answer 14

varus (fixed frontal plane)

Question 15

a frontal plane fixation in which the plantar surface is turned away from the midline

Answer 15

valgus (fixed frontal plane)

Question 16

the distal end of the part is further away from the tibia

Answer 16

equinus (fixed sagittal plane)

Question 17

the distal end of the part is closer to the tibia

Answer 17

calcaneus (fixed sagittal plane)

Question 18

normal or straight alignment

Answer 18

rectus

Question 19

refers to the hereditary defects which change the position of the entire foot

Answer 19

talipes

the deformity can be either in talus, calcaneus, or both

Question 20

midtarsal joint axis:

• longitudinal =
• oblique =

Answer 20

longitudinal = 15 degrees from transverse plane and 9 degrees from sagittal plane

oblique = 52 degrees from transverse plane and 57 degrees from the sagittal plane

Question 21

describe the first ray axis

Answer 21

45 degrees from the frontal and sagittal plane

• first ray dorsiflexes it inverts
• first ray plantarflexes it everts
• little to no transverse plane motion

Question 22

what radiograph evaluates the sagittal plane?

Answer 22

lateral view

evaluates the medial column

• cyma line
• calcaneal inclination angle
• talar declination angle
• midtarsal faults or breaches
• position of first ray

Question 23

what radiograph evaluates the transverse plane?

Answer 23

AP projection

evaluates the lateral column

• cuboid abduction angle
• Kites angle (talo-calcaneal angle)
• talo-navicular congruency
• forefoot to rearfoot relationship

Question 24

what radiograph evaluates the frontal plane?

Answer 24

calcaneal axial projection

evaluates the posterior column
- position of the calcaneus in the frontal plane