Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomechanics > (1) Biomechanics-- Tendons/Ligaments, Nerves, Joints, Adjusting Neurophysiology > Flashcards

(1) Biomechanics-- Tendons/Ligaments, Nerves, Joints, Adjusting Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

What attaches bone to bone? What attaches muscle to bone?

A

bone to bone = ligament

bone to muscle = tendon

both fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are tendons and ligaments composed of?

A

collagen and fibrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What it is called where tendons join to skeletal muscle?

A

musculotendinous junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristic stages of healing that soft tissue goes through after injury?

A

Inflammation
Repair
Remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long does the Inflammation stage last after a Sprain/Strain? What symptoms is assoc. with it?

A

up to 72 hours

pain, swelling, redness, increased temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long does the Repair stage of healing take for strain/sprain? What occurs during this stage?

A

48 hours up to 6 weeks

fibro-elastic/collagen-forming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long does the Remodeling stage of healing take for a strain/sprain? What occurs during this stage?

A

3 weeks to 12 months

remodeling of collagen to increase functional abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the over exertion or stress on CONTRACTILE tissues?

A

Strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two tissue types that a Strain can occur in?

A
  1. Muscle

2. Tendon (not truly contractile, but it is in series with muscle to transmit force to bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What muscles are most at risk for a strain?

A

fusiform muscles crossing 2 joints

MC in LE–> hamstrings, rectus femoris, medial gastrocnemius

less common in UE–> biceps brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Simply describe Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III muscle strains.

A

Grade I = fibers in tack
Grade II = some tear
Grade III = complete tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe a Grade I Strain:

  1. amount fibers torn?
  2. degree of weakness/function?
  3. pain?
  4. palpable defect?
  5. ROM?
A
  1. few fibers torn
  2. minor weakness and loss of fxn
  3. slightly painful to contract with ACTIVE movement
  4. NO
  5. Decreased ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe a Grade II Strain:

  1. amount fibers torn?
  2. degree of weakness/function?
  3. pain?
  4. palpable defect?
  5. ROM?
A
  1. ~1/4 to 1/2 torn
  2. moderate to major weakness and loss of fxn
  3. painful to contract with ACTIVE motion
  4. NO
  5. decreased ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe a Grade III Strain:

  1. amount fibers torn?
  2. degree of weakness/function?
  3. pain?
  4. palpable defect?
  5. ROM?
A
  1. ALL fibers torn
  2. Major weakness and loss of function
  3. minor or no pain with ACTIVE motion
  4. may be palpable defect IF before inflammation sets in
  5. possible INCREASED ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an overexertion or stress on non-contractile tissues?

A

Sprain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two tissue types that can experience a Sprain?

A
  1. Ligament

2. Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe a Grade I Sprain:

  1. amount fibers torn?
  2. weakness?
  3. pain?
  4. palpable defect?
  5. ROM?
A
  1. few fibers torn
  2. minor weakness
  3. painful to stretch in PASSIVE movement; but NO pain on mid-range isometric actions
  4. No
  5. decrease ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe a Grade II Sprain:

  1. amount fibers torn?
  2. weakness?
  3. pain?
  4. palpable defect?
  5. ROM?
A
  1. ~ 1/4 to 1/2 ligament is torn
  2. moderate to major weakness and loss of fxn
  3. NO pain on mid-range isometric contraction in PASSIVE movement
  4. No
  5. decrease ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe a Grade I Sprain:

  1. amount fibers torn?
  2. weakness?
  3. pain?
  4. palpable defect?
  5. ROM?
A
  1. ALL fibers torn
  2. Major weakness and loss of fxn = UNSTABLE!!!
  3. minor to NO pain during PASSIVE movement (nothing to stress)
  4. maybe if catch before inflammation sets in
  5. INcreased ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are ccommon modes of nerve injury?

A

stretching and compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What may trauma and nerve entrapment produce?

A

mechanical deformation of nerves–> results in deterioration of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is approximately the percentage of maximal elongation at the elastic limit of nerves?

A

~20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What percentage does complete structural failure of maximal elongation of nerves seem to occur at?

A

25-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F. Severe intraneural tissue damage is only produced by tension when a nerve fails/ruptures.

A

False– severe intraneural tissue damage is produced by tension long before a nerve fails/ruptures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are tensile injuries of nerves most often a result of?

A

accidents

26
Q

What symptoms may be induced from compression injuries to nerves?

A

numbness, pain, and muscle weakness

27
Q

What what mm Hg of local compression may function changes of nerves occur?

A

30 mm Hg –> viability may be jeopardized during prolonged compression (4-6 hrs)

28
Q

What may compression of a nerve at 30 mm Hg cause?

A
  • change sin axonal transport system

- long-stranding compression–> may lead to depletion of axonally transported proteins distal to compression site

29
Q

At what pressure will there be complete cessation of intraneural blood flow and complete ischemia to a nerve?

A

80 mm Hg

30
Q

How does the nerve responded to relief of the 80 mm Hg of pressure that has been on it for 2 hours?

A

blood flow is rapidly restored!!

31
Q

What does it mean when a joint is in its “Loose Pack Position”?

A

when the capsule has the most slack and the joint is at its RESTING position

32
Q

What does it mean when a joint is in its “Close Pack Position”?

A

the joint has no possible accessory movements; joint surfaces are in the CLOSEST approximation

capsule and ligaments are maximally stressed

33
Q

Does a joint have its greatest mechanical stability when it is in its close packed position or loose pack position?

A

close packed position

34
Q

What movement would put the spine (facets) in there close packed position?

A

extension

35
Q

What movement would put the Glenohumeral joint in its close packed position?

A

abduction and external rotation

“raise hand to ask question”

36
Q

What movement would put the wrist joint in its close packed position?

A

extension and radial deviation

37
Q

What movement would put the hip joint in its close packed position?

A

full extension and internal rotation

“push off when running”

38
Q

What movement would put the knee joint in its close pack position?

A

full extension and external tibial

39
Q

What movement would put the talocrural (ankle) joint in its close pack position?

A

full dorsiflexion

40
Q

What movement would put the interphalangeal joint in its close pack position?

A

full extension

“feel how lock into place”

41
Q

Will a loose pack joint or a close pack joint have more ROM?

A

loose pack has increased ROM; and close pack has decreased ROM

42
Q

Will the capsule and support ligaments be lax in a loose or close pack joint?

A

loose pack joint

close pack, they will be tight

43
Q

Will a loose pack or close pack joint be the position in which the least amount of joint surface congruency takes place?

A

loose pack

44
Q

What is the pattern of restriction in a joint due to limitations in capsule restrictions?

A

Capsular Pattern

45
Q

T/F. Any joint with a capsule has a capsular pattern.

A

TRUE!!!

46
Q

T/F. Limitation of ROM of the involved joint is always found to be in a general pattern.

A

False– always found to be in a SPECIFIC pattern

47
Q

What is the term for when a joint may become excessively restricted due to adhesions in the capsule?

A

Adhesive Capsulitis

48
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the spine?

A

lateral flexion with rotation, extension

49
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the glenohumeral joint?

A

abduction with rotation

50
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the wrist?

A

flexion and extension

51
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the hip?

A

flexion, abduction and internal rotation

52
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the knee?

A

flexion and extension

53
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the interphalangeal joints?

A

flexion and extension

54
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the talocrural joint?

A

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

55
Q

Are capsular patterns normal or abnormal?

A

normal– what the normal ROM you would expect to see in patients

56
Q

What are non-capsular patterns?

A

joint restriction taking place and can arise from many abnormalities

57
Q

What are 4 abnormalities that can cause non-capsular patterns?

A
  1. joint mice
  2. impingements
  3. plica
  4. other internal derangements

(all take place inside capsule)

58
Q

What are joint mice?

What do they come from?**

A

articular cartilage breaks off and floats in synovial fluid and calcifies

**come from degeneration or injury

59
Q

What are impingements?

What do they come from?**

A

congenital abnormalities

come from anatomical bone variation or degeneration

(thicker femoral neck, overgrowth of acetabulum)

60
Q

What is plica when it comes to joint abnormalities?

A

form synovial joints and are the embryological structures that remain and didn’t resolve

synovial “fold”**

61
Q

What are internal derangements associated with joint abnormalities?

What are examples?**

A

something inside the joint

Ex: ACL tears, PCL tears, Meniscus tears**

Biomechanics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions