1 Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is a monomer? (1)
A monomer is a small repeating unit from which larger molecules are made of.
Describe the chemical reaction involved in the conversion of polymers to monomers. (1)
A hydrolysis reaction breaks a chemical bond between the monomers using water.
Describe the chemical reaction involved in the conversion of monomers to polymers. (1)
A condensation reaction joins monomers together through a chemical bond and releases water.
Explain what is meant by a polymer. (1)
A polymer is a molecule made up of many monomers joined together through a condensation reaction.
Describe a biochemical test to show that a non-reducing sugar is present. (3)
Heat the solution with dilute hydrochloric acid and neutralise with sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Heat with Benedicts solution.
If the solution turns red, a non-reducing sugar is present.
Describe and explain two features of starch that make it a good storage molecule. (2)
It is insoluble in water so the water potential is not affected.
Branched chains so it is compact.
Describe the structure of glycogen. (2)
It is a polysaccharide, made up of alpha glucose molecules joined by glycosidic bonds.
Name the monomers from which a maltose molecule is made. (1)
Glucose and glucose.
Name the type of chemical bond that joins the two monomers to form maltose. (1)
Glycosidic
Explain one way in which starch molecules are adapted for their function in plant cells. (2)
It is insoluble so does not affect the cell’s water potential.
Explain how cellulose molecules are adapted for their function in plant cells. (3)
They have long and straight chains which become linked by hydrogen bonds, forming fibrils. These provide strength to the cell wall.
Name the group represented by COOH. (1)
Carboxyl
Describe how you would test for the presence of a lipid in a liquid sample of food. (2)
Add ethanol and shake. then add water and shake again. A white emulsion will indicate the presence of a lipid.
Describe how a triglyceride is formed. (3)
One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids are joined by condensation reactions with the release of three water molecules, forming ester bonds.
Describe how an ester bond is formed in a phospholipid molecule. (2)
A condensation reaction between a glycerol molecule and a fatty acid forms an ester bond between them.