1. Biochem Module 1 + pharmac module 5 + book Flashcards
Aldoses and ketoses
Triose :- Tetroses :- Pentose :- Hexoses :- Heptoses :-
Page 47
ANS
Parasympathetic made from :-
Sympathetic made from:-
CN responsible for contraction of pupil :-
Ganglion. Is :-
Location in parasympathetic:-
Location in sympathetic:-
Long fibers
- Parasympathetic: :-
- Sympathetic:-
NT and receptors
Preganglionic receptors are always :-
Preganglionic NT is always :-
Post ganglionic receptors
1. In parasympathetic:- ,,,,,,,or,,,,,
2. In sympathetic:- ,,,,,,,or ,,,,,,
NT in post ganglionic segment
1. In parasympathetic:- ,,,,,,,,,
2. in sympathetic:- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,exception
a. In renal :-
b. Sweat gland :-
Review 1.
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic:- in 1 go :-
Review 1
Pharmac page 47 , 48
Pharmac review 1
Diassacharide :- monosaccharides units :- links
Maltose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Isomaltose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Lactose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Lactulose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Sucrose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Trihalose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Page 50 Synthesis of acetylcholine :- read from notes AchE has 2 sites 1. 2. Acetylcholine is made up of ,,,,,bonds Choline binds to ,,,,,, Estratic site :- Liberate :- Reuptake of choline
Rate limiting step in NT synthesis is :-
Drugs acting on synthesis of ach with MOA
Therapeutic usage of bitox
Review 3
Drug which act on SNARE protein / synaptobrevin :-
Review 2
Page 50, 51
Pharmac review 2 ,3
Test to estimate liver function :-
Pharmac Read review 4 :- Read option and answer :- Read review 5 Potassium channel blocker promotes activation of :- Example :- Used in Rx of Which is disease of :-
Review 3
Pharmac review 4, 5
Enantiomers :- aka
On right :-
On left side :-
Examples of Enantiomers are
1.
2.
3.
Pharmac Page 52 Types of parasympathetic receptor 1.Muscarinic ( type of receptor:- ) 2. nicotinic ( type of receptor :- ) Two types of nicotinic receptors :-
1. Muscular type of Nicotinic receptor Nm Responsible for :- In MG :- Causes :- Leads to :-
2. Neuronal type of nicotinic receptor Nn Present in 1. 2. 3.
Review 6, page 53
Read types of muscarinic receptors
Which are Gq coupled :-
Which are Gi/Go:-
Gq types M1 present in :- 1. 2. 3. 4. M3 present in :- 1. :- 2, :- 3, :- 4. :- M5 present in:-
Gi / Go types M2 present in :- 1. 2. M4 present in :-
MC type of muscarinic receptor in body :-
Cholinergic drugs / parasympathetic
……….effects through out body
But at heart ,,,, ,,efffct
Anticholinergic drugs :-
……….effects through out body
But at heart ,,,, ,,efffct
Review 4
Pharmac page 52 , 53, 54
Glycogen.
Branching point linkage is :-
In straight chain :-
Pharmac Page 55 Cholinergic drugs types 1. 2.
Direct cholinergic drugs :-
Nicotinic receptor agonist Cause :- Example of drugs 1. 2.
Muscarinic receptor agonist
All amides are :- Except :- Crosses :- Used :- 1. 2.
Cholinesters
Are :-
Does not cross :-
Use :-
Amides 1. 2. Both are used in :- DOC for xerostomia ( sicca synd / sjogren synd :- Civimiline acts on :-
DOC for closed angle glucoma :-
MOA :-
S/E :-
Miotics
1.
2.
3.
Review 5
Pharmac page 55,
Epimer:-
Examples of epimer
1. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,at carbon
2. ,,,,,,,,,,,,at carbon
Pharmac Page 56:- Choline esters 1. 2. 3. Resistance :- T1/2 :- Uses :-
Difference between 3 1. Muscarinic receptor :- 2. Necotinic activity :- 3. Use :- Bethanechol in :- 1. 2. Carbachol in :-
Methacholine :-
Used to diagnose :-
Indirect cholinergic based on MOA
1.
2
Organophosphate ( OP )
Sites on AchE are :-
OP binds to :-
This bonding is :-
Oximes :- Oximes are effective only is 1. 2. Oximes are Aka :- Binds to which site :- Breaks :- Liberates :- Increase activity of :-
Organophosphate drugs
1.
2.
3.
Review 6
Pharmac page 56, 57
Glycosoamino glycanes are synthesised at :-
Except :-
Which is formed by :-
Biochemically important GAG are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Pharmac page 57
Cholinergic poisonings ( OP )
CF :-
1.
2.
3.
DD for pin point pupil
1.
2.
3.
Treatment is
1. DOC :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Causes :- decreases,,,,,,,,,symptoms
2.
Decreases ,,,,,,,,,symptoms
Oximes examples
Carbamates
Carbamates binds to :-
Except :-
Which bind only to :-
Shortest acting carbamates is :- Types of carbamates:- 1. 2. 3.
Tertiary amines Property :- MOA :- Examples 1. 2. 3. 4.
Use of physostigmine :- Physostigmine is DOC in 1. 2. 3. Source :-
Drugs used in Alzheimer’s disease
Quaternary amines Used in :- Example is :- 1. 2. 3. DOC for diagnosis of MG :- DOC for Rxbof MG is :-
Uses of edrophonium are
Uses of neostigmine
Uses of pyridostigmine
1.
2.
Mechanism :-
Management of MG
- Generalised :- doc
- Ocular :- doc
- Myasthenia crisis :- doc
NR :-
NR :-
Immunomodulators examples :-
Review 7
Pharmac page 57, 58,59,60,61
GAG present in cornea is :-
Type 2is present in :-
GAG that plays major role in corneal transparency:-
Pharmac page 63 Anticholinergic drugs divided into 1. 2. Nn blocker aka :- Nm blocker aka :-
Ganglionic blocker MOA :- Block release of :- Leads to :- Ganglion blocker are used as :- S/E:- Ganglion blocking drugs are 1. 2. 3. 4.
Muscarinic receptor blockers :-
Opposite action of muscarinic receptors
1. On CNS :-
2. On pupil :-
On CNS :- Causes :- Use :- 1. Truth serum :- 2. DOC for narcoanalysis :-
On pupil Causes :- 1. 2. Use of muscarinic receptor blocker as 1. Mydriatic. For a. b. 2. Cycloplegia a. b.
Anticholinergic drugs are 1. 2. 3. 4.
Shortest acting Anticholinergic:- Used in :- Most potent Anticholinergic:- Used in :- Used for :-
On oropharyngeal secretion
Decrease :-
Drug used is :-
Reason :-
On lungs
Cause :-
DOC in :-
Uses :-
Anticholinergics , duration of action , dose 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
DOC for COPD among long acting Anticholinergic:-
MC side effects:-
Others :-
Review 8
Pharmac :- 63,64,65, 66
GAG ———-> diassacharide repeating unit
KS :- HA :- CS :- DS :- HS :- Heparin :-
Pharmac page 66 Anticholinergics on heart Causes 1 :- 2 :- Uses Atropine is used in 1. 2.
Anticholinergics actions on 1. Stomach Causes :- Drugs :- a. b. 2. GIT + uterus Causes :- Drugs :- a. b. c.
Scopolamine aka :- Can be used as :- DOC for \:- Route :-
Anticholinergics drugs on bladder Effects :- Used in :- Drugs are 1. 2. Examples of non selective are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Selective 1. 2.
DOC for overactive bladder is :-
Very toxic is :-
Review 9
Pharmac page 66,67
Which mucopolysaccharide does not contain uronic acid :-
do pharmac page 69-71
Review 9
The GAG that play major role in cellular migration :-
Pharmac page 79 Sympathetic nervous system :- NT :- Is :- Precursor of norepinephrine is :- Tyrosine —-> ,,,,,,,,,,———-> .,,,,,,,,, Rate limiting step :- ,,,,,,,,,,, Rate limiting enzyme :- ,,,,,,,,
VMAT2 :-
Fate of NE :-
1. MC :-
2. Metabolise by :-
Drugs acting on synthesis of NE are :- with MOA
- :-MOA :-
- :- MOA :-
- :- MOA :-
- :- MOA :-
Metyrosine MOA :- Used in treatment of :- 1. 2.
Reserpine , tetrabenazine , deutetrabenazine, valebenazine MOA :- Uses of reserpine 1. 2. Uses of tetrabenazine :- 1. DOC in :-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. Rx of :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
DOC for tardives dyskinesia :-
Disulfirum
Blocks :-
TCA , SNRI, Cocaine
Inhibit :-
Effect of cocaine is :-
Increase in ,,,,,,,,
Stimulates ,,,,,,,,
DOC for deaddiction :-
Act by :-
Side effect of drugs acting on norepinephrine
1.
2.
Review 10
Pharmac page 79 , 80,81
GAG that is present in basement membrane or provide charge selectiveness to basement membrane :-
Pharmac :-: Page 81 Receptors Types @ and b All the receptor are :-
@ receptor are 2 types :-
- Location :-
- Location :-
@1 rreceptors Effect of @1 is due to :- Loacation and effect 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Release of NE :-
To which receptor is Decided by :-
1. At low concentration :-
2. At high concentration:-
When NE is low :-
When NE is high :-
@2 receptor Aka :- Location :- Effect :- Exception :-
Auto receptors examples
CLONIDINE is :- when given
- Slow infusion :-
- Fast infusion :-
—————————. B2 receptor Present only in 1. 2. Induces :- 1. 2. Gs type of GPCR :- ,,,,,,,, Cause 1. 2. Net effect is :-
Hypoglycemia is dangerous
There is compensatory release of :- ,,,,,,
Acts on :-.,,,,,,,,,,,
Result in :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Review 11
The only Intracellular GAG :-
The GAG that is synthesised in artiolar smooth muscles for formation of atherosclerotic plaque :-
B receptor All are ,,,,subtype of ,,,,, 3 subtypes :- with effect s B1 present in 1. 2. B2 present in 1. 2. 3. B3 present in 1. 2.
Review 11
Pharmac page 84
Most aboundant GAG in body :-
CS is made up of :-
Pharmac page 85 Sympathomimetics (agonist at @ & B ) A. B. C.
Catecholamine
Endogenous catecholamines
- ,
Epinephrine Agonist action on :- Leads to :- More potent :- Epinephrine is DOC :- Epinephrine is DOC :- Route of administration:- Epinephrine is DOC :- Local effect is :- Epinephrine is given with local anaesthetic bcoz :- 1. 2. S/E :-
Norepinephrine Agonist action on:- More potent action is :- Uses :- Nor Epinephrine is DOC 1. 2. When given IM causes :- Absolute contraindication:-
Dilution for norepinephrine.
Dales phenomena Variation in :- Initially:- Later :- ,,,,,,,,phasic pattern of BP
Vasomotor reversal of Dale :- BP variation when ,,,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,, is administered:- Effects 1. 2.
Review 12
Pharmac 85, 86
Mucopolysaccharidoses :-
Means :-
Due to absence of :-
MC MPS is :- MPS with NO mental retardation :- MPS with NO corneal clouding :- MPS with XLR inheritance :- MPS with no visceromegaly :- MPS with no leucocyte inclusions :-
Pharmac page 87 Dopamine Dose dependent action :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
Dopamine is DOC for ( D1 and B1 agonist ) Action :- 1. 2. Dopamine is DOC ( @1 action ;- ,,,,) 1. 2.
Route of administration of dopamine :-
Side effect is :-
Exogenous catecholamines :- Drugs :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
Dobutamine Major action is :- No effect on :- Dobutamine use 1. 2. Route of administration:-
Fenoldopam action on 1. 2. Dopexamine action on 1. 2. Fenoldopam & dopexamine Used in :-
Isoprenaline Agonist :- 1. 2. Use :- 1. 2. 3.
Droxidopa
Prodrug of :-
Use :-
Epinephrine ,,,,,,,Norepinephrine,,,,,,,,,,isoprenaline
Receptor
Selectivity :-
BP :-
Heart rate :-
Norepinephrine given in presence of
1.
2.
Effect :-
Effect of epinephrine/ norepinephrine/ isoprenaline :-
- Normal tracing :-
- Epinephrine:-
- Nor epinephrine :-
- Isoprenaline :-
Effect on heart rate :-
Effect on MBP :-
Non - Catecholamines -
@ agonist
Types
1.
2.
@1 agonist Effect :- Drugs are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
@2 agonist Effect :- 1. 2. Drugs :- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Add :-
Review 13
Pharmac 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
Disorder of Mucopolysacccharide metabolism
Disease ——> defective enzyme ——> GAGs affected
- Hurlers syndrom:-
- Hunters syndrome :-
- Sanfilipo syndrome :-
- Morquio A :-
- Morquio B :-
- Sly syndrome
- Natowicz syndrome :-
Pharmac page 91 B receptor agonist Divided into 1. 2.
B3 agonist
Drug :-
Use :-
S/E :-
B2 agonist
SABA. LABA. VLABA Duration Of action :- Drugs :- 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. Fast Acting :- Use :-
Global initiative for asthma l
Age >12 :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,
Age 6-11 :- ,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,
Age 0-5 :- ,,,,,,,,,,
Side effects of B2 agonist
Nor epinephrine depletors :-
Mechanism :-
1.
- 6.
Tyramine Metabolised by :- In Cheese & wine has :- When consumed together :- Stimulation of :- Causes :- DOC for cheese reaction :—> MOA :-
Ephedrine :-
MOA :-
DOC :-
Other -
-
Methylphenidate Action :- Use :- DOC :- Drawback :- 1. 2. DOC :-
Narcolepsy
DOC for narcolepsy :-
Modafinil is DOC for
1.
2.
Recent drugs :-
Amphetamine Action :- Used in :- 1. 2. 3.
Dextroamphetamine :-
Methamphetamine :-
Aka :-
Contraindicated:-
Teratogenicity present in :-
Guanethidine :-
Guanadrel :-
Rx of :-
Contraindicated in :-
Review 13
Pharamac 91-96
Hurlers disease aka :-
Cf in MCQs are ::-
Treatment of hurlers disease :-
Pharmac page 97 Symapatholytic Classification 1. a. b. 2.
Non selective @ receptor blockers
Divided into
1.
2
Reversible non selective @ receptor blocker
1.
2.
Irreversible non selective @ receptor blocker
1.
Tolazoline Action :- Uses 1. 2.
Phentolamine Phentolamine is DOC for 1. 2. 3. Also used in :-
Phenoxybenzamine
DOC in :-
Drugs used in ERECTILE DYSFUCTION DOC :- \:- PNB SATAK P:- N:- B:- S:- A:- T:- A:- K:-
Bremelanotide :- Is :- 1. 2. 3. Uses 1. 2. 3.
Selective @ receptor blocker Divided into 1:- 2:- @1a :- @1bd :-
Side effect
@1a blocker Effect :- DOC for :- Drugs are 1. 2.
@1 blocker also :-
DOC for
1.
2.
Drugs are 1. 2. 3. 4, 5. 6, 7.
Prazocin
DOC for :-
In CNS excitation DOC :-
In bradycardia DOC :-
Common side effect of selective alpha blocker :-
Review 13
Pharmac 97-99
Aldurazyme is for deficiency of :-
Pharmac page 99 B blockers Effect of B blockers on heart 1. 2. 3. Effect in kidney :-
Uses of B blockers DOC in 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. DOC fo :- Contraindicated :-
Labetalol is DOC for :-
Other uses of B blockers :-
Non selective B blockers :- Aka :- Blocks :- Effect:- and contraindications 1. 2. 3. 4. Preferred :-
Drugs of non selective B blockers are
Cardioselective B blockers Aka :- More blocks :- Drug mnemonic is :- ONCE My BETA most cardio selective is ,- 3rd generation drug are:-
3rd generation B blocker:-
Divided into
1.
2.
Drugs which are
- B blocker with @1 blocking action are. -
a.
b.
c.
d. - B blocker with Calcium channel blocker is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
- B2 agonist and B1 blocker is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,
- B blocker with NO release :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
- B blocker with k channel opening activity :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,
B blocker which are 1. 2. Mnemonic :- CLAP C:- L:- A:- P:- Maximum intrinsic sympathomimetic activity :- These drugs cause :- Contraindication are :- 1. 2.
B blockers which are 1. 2. 3. Mnemonic :- Can Blow LAMP Can :- Blow :- L:- A:- M:- P:-
Maximum SODIUM channel blocking :- 1, 2. Minimum :- Contraindicated in :-
Water soluble B blockers Excreted :- Contraindicated in :- Do not cross :- No :- Mnemonic is BANANAS Chips :-
Pharmacokinetics
Maximum. Half life :- ………..
Minimum half-life :- …………
Esmolol
Use
1
2.
Maximum plasma protein binding :-
Minimum plasma protein binding :-
Maximum bioavailability:-
Minimum bioavailability:-
Metabolic effect of B blockers 1st generation B blockers :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
2 nd generation B blockers :-
3rd generation B blockers :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
Review 13b
Pharmac
Page 99-103
Read 14, 15, 16, 17
Pharmac page 105 Anti Glaucoma Drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Miotics used in glaucoma are 1. 2. 3. 4. Uses :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,> ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, DOC for closed angle glaucoma :- ,,,,,,,,,, MOA of miotics :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Side effect :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
Specific adverse effect of miotics :- 1. Example :- Causes :- Contraindicated in :- 2. Cause a. b.
Prostaglandin analogue:- Which :- Drugs 1. 2. 3. MOA of PGF2@ :- DOC for 1. 2. Adverse effect are :- P:- C:- O:- S :- Contraindicated 1. 2.
Sympathomimetics :- Include A:- B:- Sympathomimetics are used in :- MOA 1. 2. Adverse effect are :- Specific are :-
Apraclonidine Acts both on:- @1 cause 1. 2. 3. Brimonidine is :- Central side effect are :-
B Blockers Non selective 1. 2. 3. 4. Selective B blocker
Most potent :-
Longest acting :-
MOA :-
Use :-
Adverse effect :-
1. Causes :- ,,,,contraindicated with
2. Precipitates :-
Contraindicated:-
Specific adverse side effects TIMOLOL 1. 2. Metipranolol :-
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor Systemic :- Topical :- Use :- 1. 2. Side effect of Acetazolamide 1. 2. 3. 4. Side effects of :- 1. 2. 3.
Recent advances in glaucoma Drug name :- Inhibitor of :- MOA :- Use :- Fixed drug combination :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,
14,15,16,17
Pharmac page :- 105-108
Naglazyme is used for treatment of :-
Pharmac page 109
Serotonergic related peptide
All Receptors are :-
Except :-
Serotonin receptor 5HT1-5HT1A 5HT1 is :- Location :- Types 1. 2. 5HT1A Location :- 5HT1 A agonist drugs 1. 2. 3. Effect is :-
5HT1B / 1D agonist Location :- Inhibits :- 1. 2.
GPCR blockers 1. 2. CPCR R blocker :- 1.
MOA :-
Used in :-
Recent advances
5HT1F :-
Used in :-
5HT1B/1D :- Drugs are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Sumatriptans
Least :-
Safest to use in :-
Longest acting :-
Frovatriptan / naratriptan use
1.
2.
Maximum efficacy :- Rizatriptain > eletriptan :- Best drug to use :- Side effects are :- Contraindicated in :-
Treatment of migraine :- Ergot alkaloid MOA :- 1. 2. Side effect:- DOC for gangrene:-
Dihydroergotamine :-
NSAIDS used in :- Opioids used in case of :- 1. 2. D2 dopamine receptors inhibitors 1. 2.
Migraine prophylaxis
Mnemonic :- Can PREVENT Migraine
DOC for prophylaxis of migraine :-
Review 18
Pharmac page 109-112
Glycemic index means :- Highest of :- 1. 2. Lower in case of :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
Pharmac page 113 5HT2 R Agonist example:- Use Antagonist 1. 2, 3, 4.
CYPROHEPTADINE Uses :- 1. 2, 3 4. 5.
METHYLSERGIDE
Use in :-
Side effects:-
Ketanserine MOA :- Use :- 1, 2,
Fibanserine
MOA :-
Use :-
Treatment of obesity
Anorexic agent drugs 1, 2, 3, Lipase inhibitor drug :- Lipolysis stimulator drugs Drug :- MOA :-
Unknown mechanism
1,
2,
3,
Banned drug for treatment of obesity with S/E
5HT3 inhibitor :-
5HT 4 :-
Review 19
Pharmac page 113-114
Respiratory quotient :- Carbohydrates:- Proteins :- Fat :- Alcohol :-
Pharmac page 115
Antihistaminic
4 types of histamine receptors :-
H1 receptor Type :- Causes Effect 1. 2. 3. 4. Drugs are :- H1 blockers
H2 Type :- Causes :- Effect 1. 2. Drugs H2 blockers used in :-
H3 receptor Type :- Causes :- Reversal effect of :- Drugs :- H3 receptor blockers Aka :- Example 1. 2. Cause :- Leads to :- Used in treatment of :-
H4 receptor
Causes :-
Drug :- H4 blocker
Used in :-
H1 blockers 1st generation vs 2nd generation 1. 2. 3. 4. Contraindicated in :- 2nd generation are preferred in :-
1st generation antihistaminics WITH USES :- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
DOC for Morning sickness :-
2nd generation antihistaminic:-
Tropical H1 blocker Drugs ;- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
3rd generation antihistaminic Derivative of :- 1. 2. 3.
Uses of antihistaminic
H1 blockers
Allergic rhinitis DOC is :-
Non allergic rhinitis:-
Review 20
Pharmac page 115 -118
Ferric chloride test is used to detect :-
Pharmac page 119 Bradykinin related peptide Cycle of bradykinin :- Enzyme required for bradykinin formation :- Receptors on which bradykinin acts :- Effects 1. 2.
Kallikerin inhibitors are 1. 2. 3. B2 receptor antagonist is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Drug for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema :-
Drug for treatment of hereditary angioedema :-
1.
2.
Hereditary angioedema DOC for treatment of hereditary angioedema is :- Alternative drugs are 1. 2. DOC for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema :- Alternative :- DOC for prophylaxis prior surgery is :-
Aprotini
Also inhibit:-
Effect :-
Review 21
Pharmac page 119
Method of glucose estimation
1.
2.
Pharmac page 121 EICOSANOIDS Synthesis of Eicosanoids ::- Prostaglandin causes :- Thromboxane A2 causes :- Leucotriene C4,D4 causes :-
Drugs acting on synthesis of eicosanoids
- NSAIDS :- ( COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitor)
- ZILEUTON:-
- Montelukast & zafirlukast:-
Prostaglandin analogue PGE1 1. 2. PGE1 / Both are used to maintain :- Uses of misoprostol 1. 2. 3. Use of ALPROSTADIL :- Causes :-
PGE2 aka :- DOC for 1. 2. 3.
DOC for cervical ripening is :-
PGI2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Synthetic pGI2 :- Selxapage is :- Use of PGI2 analogues is :-
PGF2@ :- 1. 2. 3. Uses of carboprost are :- Uses of Latanoprost / brimatoprost 1. 2.
Non Selective NSAIDs :- ACETOMINOPHANE Non selective means :- Acetominophen Used in :- Good : - Poor :- Used in MCC of drug poisoning is :- CF of acetominophen poisoning is 1, 2. 3.
Acetominophen poisoning:- Cause :- Metabolite is :- Depletes :- Increase:- Damages :-
In HPE :-
Toxic dose
- Fatal :-
Prediction of hepatotoxicity:-
Time :-
Safe zone :-
Treatment of Acetominophen poisoning :- 1. 2. DOC :- Blocks :- Replenish :-
If no response :
MCC :-
Treatment is :-
Non Selective NSAIDs : ASPIRIN
USES
1. Aspirin at low dose ( 50-325 mg/ day ) :-
2. Aspirin at high dose ( 3-4g / day ) :-
Aspirin is analgesic of choice for
DOC for niacin induced flushing ( increase PG ) is :- ,,,,,,,,,,
Aspirin side effect is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,
Toxicity of aspirin occurs at dose ,,,,,,,,,,, Manifest as :- 1. Initially :- 2. Later :- 3. 4. 5. Treatment is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, In elderly:- Rx :-
Non Selective NSAIDs :- INDOMETHACIN & Ibuprofen INDOMETHACIN is DOC FOR 1. 2. INDOMETHACIN is analgesic of choice for 1. 2. Side effect of INDOMETHACIN is 1. 2.
For closure of PDA, DOC is :-
Ibuprofen use
1.
2
3. DOC :-
Side effect of ibuprofen are
- MCC of drug induced aseptic meningitis is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
- :-
Drugs related to ibuprofen and uses :-
- :-
- :-
- :-
Nimesulide uses :- Contraindicated 1. 2. S/E :-
Non Selective NSAIDs :- PIROXICAN, ketorolac , others
PIROXICAN
- Undergoes :-
- Duration of action:-
- Onset :-
- Use:-
KETOROLAC
- Use :- 1.
2.
Other NSAIDS:- More selective for COX-2 1. 2. 3.
Non selective NSAIDs:- Side effects 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Review 21
Pharmac page 121- 126
Reductometric method 1. 2. 3. Enzymatic method 1. 2.
Pharmac page 126 Selective COX 2 inhibitor:- Blocks :- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. S/E :- Banded are 1. 2. 3.
RECENT advances Dual inhibotor inhibits 1. 2. Drugs are 1. 2. Use :- Side effect :-
Review 21
Pharmac Page 126-127
Test for carbohydrates
- To test all carbohydrates:-
- For reducing sugars :-
- Differentiate between mono and diassacharide
a.
b.
c. - Differentiate aldoses & ketoses :-
a.
b.
c. - To detect deoxy sugar :-
- To test for pentoses :-
- To test galactose :-
Pharmac page 129 GOUT Drugs for treatment of acute gout 1. DOC for Rx Acute gout :- 2. Drugs for Rx of chronic gout :- 1. 2. 3.
Acute gout DOC :- Colchicine MOA 1. 2. 3. Uses of colchicine 1. 2. Side effects of colchicine 1. 2. 3
Treatment of chronic gout MOA :-
Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor Drugs include 1. 2. 3.
Allopurinol Analogue of :- MOA :- DOC in :- Other conditions with hyperuricemia 1. 2. 3. Adverse effects :- 1. 2. To prevent allopurinol induced acute gout :- Give :- Inhibit:- Leads to :-
Oxypurinol It is a:- Orphan receptor :- Used in :- Feboxostat used in :-
Side effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitor is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Uricosuric drugs MOA :- Uses of Uricosuric drugs :- 1. 2. 3. 4. Drugs :- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Side effect of Uricosuric drugs :- ,,,,,,,,,,,
Contraindicated in :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Specific side effects :-
- :-
- :-
Uricase analogue MOA :- Drugs are 1. 2.
Rasbericase used in :- Pegiloticase :- Use :- Route :- S/E :- 1. 2. 3.
Review 22
Pharmac 129- 132
Benedicts test :- Given by 1. All :- ,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. Most of ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,except ,,,,,,,,, 3. Principle of benedicts test :-
Semi quantitative test :-
Component of benedicts test
1.
2.
3.
Pharmac 133 Rheumatoid Arthritis Drugs for RA 1. 2. 3. Dose of aspirin :- Oral steroid :- Intra articular steroid :-
DMARD :- types 1. 2. 3. Conventional 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Biological 1. a. b. c. d. e. 2. 3. 4. a. b. 5:- Action by :- Contraindicated:- Side effects:-
Small molecule kinase INHIBITOR (JAK - )
1.
2.
3.
Guidelines for treatment of RA DOC :- If no response:- Add 1. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. 3. If no response :- 4.
Methotrexate MOA :- 1. 2. DOC for RA is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Aka :- Side effects of methotrexate 1. 2. Monitor :-
Hydroxychloroquine MOA :- 1. 2. Uses :- Side effects of Hydroxychloroquine:- 1. 2.dose limit :- 3. Ophthalmic examination:-
Bulls eye retinopathy is caused by :-
Sulfasalazine Metabolise to form 1. 2. Used in :- MOA of Sulfasalazine 1. 2. Uses :-
TNF @ inhibitor Drugs :- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Uses of TNF@ inhibitors :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
Side effects of TNF@ inhibitors:- G:- O:- L:- S:-
TNF@ inhibitors are contraindicated in
IL1 inhibitors :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Efficacy:-
IL6 inhibitor
TOCILIZUMAB is used for :-
SARILUMAB is used in :-
Abatacept.
MOA :-
Causes :-
Used in :-
Belatacept used in :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
JAK inhibitor
Tofacitinib Used in :- 1. 2. 3. MOA :- 1. 2. Side effect :- 1. 2. 3.
Review 22
Pharmac page 133 to 137
