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Pharmacology + Biochemistry > 1. Biochem Module 1 + pharmac module 5 + book > Flashcards

1. Biochem Module 1 + pharmac module 5 + book Flashcards

1
Q

Aldoses and ketoses

Triose :- 
Tetroses :- 
Pentose :- 
Hexoses :- 
Heptoses :-

Page 47
ANS
Parasympathetic made from :-
Sympathetic made from:-

CN responsible for contraction of pupil :-

Ganglion. Is :-
Location in parasympathetic:-
Location in sympathetic:-

Long fibers

  1. Parasympathetic: :-
  2. Sympathetic:-

NT and receptors

Preganglionic receptors are always :- 
Preganglionic NT is always :- 
Post ganglionic receptors 
1. In parasympathetic:- ,,,,,,,or,,,,,
2. In sympathetic:- ,,,,,,,or ,,,,,,
NT in post ganglionic segment 
1. In parasympathetic:- ,,,,,,,,,
2. in sympathetic:- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,exception 
      a. In renal :- 
       b. Sweat gland :-

Review 1.
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic:- in 1 go :-

A

Review 1
Pharmac page 47 , 48
Pharmac review 1

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2
Q

Diassacharide :- monosaccharides units :- links

Maltose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Isomaltose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Lactose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Lactulose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Sucrose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,
Trihalose :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,link ,,,,,,,,,

Page 50 
Synthesis of acetylcholine :- read from notes
AchE has 2 sites 
1. 
2. 
Acetylcholine is made up of ,,,,,bonds 
Choline binds to ,,,,,,
Estratic site :-
Liberate :- 
Reuptake of choline

Rate limiting step in NT synthesis is :-

Drugs acting on synthesis of ach with MOA

Therapeutic usage of bitox

Review 3
Drug which act on SNARE protein / synaptobrevin :-

A

Review 2
Page 50, 51
Pharmac review 2 ,3

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3
Q

Test to estimate liver function :-

Pharmac 
Read review 4 :- 
Read option and answer :- 
Read review 5 
Potassium channel blocker promotes activation of :- 
Example :- 
Used in Rx of 
Which is disease of :-
A

Review 3

Pharmac review 4, 5

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4
Q

Enantiomers :- aka
On right :-
On left side :-

Examples of Enantiomers are
1.
2.
3.

Pharmac 
Page 52
Types of parasympathetic receptor 
1.Muscarinic ( type of receptor:- ) 
2. nicotinic ( type of receptor :- ) 
Two types of nicotinic receptors :- 
1. Muscular type of Nicotinic receptor Nm
Responsible for :- 
In MG :- 
Causes :- 
Leads to :- 
2. Neuronal type of nicotinic receptor Nn
Present in 
1. 
2. 
3.

Review 6, page 53
Read types of muscarinic receptors
Which are Gq coupled :-
Which are Gi/Go:-

Gq types 
M1 present in :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
M3 present in :- 
1. :-
2, :- 
3, :- 
4. :- 
M5 present in:- 
Gi / Go types 
M2 present in :- 
1. 
2. 
M4 present in :-

MC type of muscarinic receptor in body :-

Cholinergic drugs / parasympathetic
……….effects through out body
But at heart ,,,, ,,efffct

Anticholinergic drugs :-
……….effects through out body
But at heart ,,,, ,,efffct

A

Review 4

Pharmac page 52 , 53, 54

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5
Q

Glycogen.
Branching point linkage is :-
In straight chain :-

Pharmac 
Page 55
Cholinergic drugs types 
1. 
2.

Direct cholinergic drugs :-

Nicotinic receptor agonist 
Cause :- 
Example of drugs 
1. 
2.

Muscarinic receptor agonist

All amides are :- 
Except :- 
Crosses :- 
Used :-
1.
2.

Cholinesters
Are :-
Does not cross :-
Use :-

Amides 
1. 
2. 
Both are used in :- 
DOC for xerostomia ( sicca synd / sjogren synd :- 
Civimiline acts on :-

DOC for closed angle glucoma :-
MOA :-
S/E :-

Miotics
1.
2.
3.

A

Review 5

Pharmac page 55,

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6
Q

Epimer:-
Examples of epimer
1. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,at carbon
2. ,,,,,,,,,,,,at carbon

Pharmac 
Page 56:- 
Choline esters 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Resistance :- 
T1/2 :- 
Uses :- 
Difference between 3 
1. Muscarinic receptor :- 
2. Necotinic activity :- 
3. Use :- 
Bethanechol in :- 
1. 
2. 
Carbachol in :-

Methacholine :-
Used to diagnose :-

Indirect cholinergic based on MOA
1.
2

Organophosphate ( OP )
Sites on AchE are :-
OP binds to :-
This bonding is :-

Oximes :- 
Oximes are effective only is 
1. 
2. 
Oximes are Aka :- 
Binds to which site :- 
Breaks :- 
Liberates :- 
Increase activity of :-

Organophosphate drugs
1.
2.
3.

A

Review 6

Pharmac page 56, 57

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7
Q

Glycosoamino glycanes are synthesised at :-
Except :-
Which is formed by :-

Biochemically important GAG are 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6.
Pharmac page 57
Cholinergic poisonings ( OP ) 
CF :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
DD for pin point pupil 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Treatment is 
1. DOC :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
     Causes :- decreases,,,,,,,,,symptoms 
2. 
    Decreases ,,,,,,,,,symptoms

Oximes examples

Carbamates
Carbamates binds to :-
Except :-
Which bind only to :-

Shortest acting carbamates is :- 
Types of carbamates:- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Tertiary amines 
Property :- 
MOA :- 
Examples 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
Use of physostigmine :- 
Physostigmine is DOC in 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Source :-

Drugs used in Alzheimer’s disease

Quaternary amines 
Used in :- 
Example is :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
DOC for diagnosis of MG :- 
DOC for Rxbof MG is :-

Uses of edrophonium are

Uses of neostigmine

Uses of pyridostigmine
1.
2.
Mechanism :-

Management of MG

  1. Generalised :- doc
  2. Ocular :- doc
  3. Myasthenia crisis :- doc

NR :-
NR :-
Immunomodulators examples :-

A

Review 7

Pharmac page 57, 58,59,60,61

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8
Q

GAG present in cornea is :-
Type 2is present in :-
GAG that plays major role in corneal transparency:-

Pharmac page 63
Anticholinergic drugs divided into 
1. 
2. 
Nn blocker aka :- 
Nm blocker aka :- 
Ganglionic blocker 
MOA :- 
Block release of :- 
Leads to :-
Ganglion blocker are used as :- 
S/E:- 
Ganglion blocking drugs are 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.

Muscarinic receptor blockers :-
Opposite action of muscarinic receptors
1. On CNS :-
2. On pupil :-

On CNS :- 
Causes :- 
Use :- 
1. Truth serum :- 
2. DOC for narcoanalysis :- 
On pupil 
Causes :- 
1. 
2. 
Use of muscarinic receptor blocker as
1. Mydriatic. For 
a. 
b.
2. Cycloplegia 
a. 
b. 
Anticholinergic drugs are 
1.
2. 
3. 
4. 
Shortest acting Anticholinergic:- 
Used in :- 
Most potent Anticholinergic:- 
Used in :-
Used for :-

On oropharyngeal secretion
Decrease :-
Drug used is :-
Reason :-

On lungs
Cause :-
DOC in :-
Uses :-

Anticholinergics , duration of action , dose 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6.

DOC for COPD among long acting Anticholinergic:-

MC side effects:-
Others :-

A

Review 8

Pharmac :- 63,64,65, 66

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9
Q

GAG ———-> diassacharide repeating unit

KS :- 
HA :- 
CS :- 
DS :- 
HS :- 
Heparin :-
Pharmac page 66
Anticholinergics on heart 
Causes 
1 :- 
2 :- 
Uses 
Atropine is used in 
1. 
2. 
Anticholinergics actions on 
1. Stomach
Causes :- 
Drugs :- 
a. 
b. 
2. GIT + uterus 
Causes :- 
Drugs :- 
a. 
b. 
c. 
Scopolamine aka :- 
Can be used as :- 
DOC for 
\:- 
Route :- 
Anticholinergics drugs on bladder 
Effects :- 
Used in :- 
Drugs are 
1. 
2. 
Examples of non selective are 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
Selective 
1. 
2.

DOC for overactive bladder is :-
Very toxic is :-

A

Review 9

Pharmac page 66,67

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10
Q

Which mucopolysaccharide does not contain uronic acid :-

do pharmac page 69-71

A

Review 9

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11
Q

The GAG that play major role in cellular migration :-

Pharmac page 79 
Sympathetic nervous system :- 
NT :- 
Is :- 
Precursor of norepinephrine is :-
Tyrosine —-> ,,,,,,,,,,———-> .,,,,,,,,,
Rate limiting step :- ,,,,,,,,,,,
Rate limiting enzyme :- ,,,,,,,,

VMAT2 :-
Fate of NE :-
1. MC :-
2. Metabolise by :-

Drugs acting on synthesis of NE are :- with MOA

  1. :-MOA :-
  2. :- MOA :-
  3. :- MOA :-
  4. :- MOA :-
Metyrosine 
MOA :- 
Used in treatment of :- 
1. 
2. 
Reserpine , tetrabenazine , deutetrabenazine, valebenazine 
MOA :- 
Uses of reserpine 
1. 
2. 
Uses of tetrabenazine :- 
1. DOC in :-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2. Rx of :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

DOC for tardives dyskinesia :-

Disulfirum
Blocks :-

TCA , SNRI, Cocaine
Inhibit :-

Effect of cocaine is :-
Increase in ,,,,,,,,
Stimulates ,,,,,,,,

DOC for deaddiction :-
Act by :-

Side effect of drugs acting on norepinephrine
1.
2.

A

Review 10

Pharmac page 79 , 80,81

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12
Q

GAG that is present in basement membrane or provide charge selectiveness to basement membrane :-

Pharmac :-:
Page 81
Receptors 
Types 
@ and b 
All the receptor are :-

@ receptor are 2 types :-

  1. Location :-
  2. Location :-
@1 rreceptors 
Effect of @1 is due to :- 
Loacation and effect 
1.
2. 
3. 
4. 
5.

Release of NE :-
To which receptor is Decided by :-
1. At low concentration :-
2. At high concentration:-

When NE is low :-
When NE is high :-

@2 receptor 
Aka :- 
Location :- 
Effect :- 
Exception :-

Auto receptors examples

CLONIDINE is :- when given

  1. Slow infusion :-
  2. Fast infusion :-
—————————.   
B2 receptor 
Present only in 
1. 
2. 
Induces :- 
1. 
2. 
Gs type of GPCR :- ,,,,,,,,
Cause 
1. 
2. 
Net effect is :-

Hypoglycemia is dangerous
There is compensatory release of :- ,,,,,,
Acts on :-.,,,,,,,,,,,
Result in :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

A

Review 11

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13
Q

The only Intracellular GAG :-
The GAG that is synthesised in artiolar smooth muscles for formation of atherosclerotic plaque :-

B receptor 
All are ,,,,subtype of ,,,,,
3 subtypes :- with effect s 
B1 present in 
1. 
2. 
B2 present in 
1. 
2. 
3. 
B3 present in 
1. 
2.
A

Review 11

Pharmac page 84

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14
Q

Most aboundant GAG in body :-
CS is made up of :-

Pharmac page 85 
Sympathomimetics (agonist at @ & B ) 
A. 
B. 
C.

Catecholamine

Endogenous catecholamines

  3. ,
Epinephrine 
Agonist action on :- 
Leads to :- 
More potent :- 
Epinephrine is DOC :- 
Epinephrine is DOC :- 
Route of administration:- 
Epinephrine is DOC :- 
Local effect is :- 
Epinephrine is given with local anaesthetic bcoz :- 
1. 
2. 
S/E :- 
Norepinephrine 
Agonist action on:- 
More potent action is :- 
Uses :- 
Nor Epinephrine is DOC 
1. 
2. 
When given IM causes :- 
Absolute contraindication:-

Dilution for norepinephrine.

Dales phenomena 
Variation in :- 
Initially:- 
Later :- 
,,,,,,,,phasic pattern of BP 
Vasomotor reversal of Dale :- 
BP variation when ,,,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,, is administered:- 
Effects 
1. 
2.
A

Review 12

Pharmac 85, 86

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15
Q

Mucopolysaccharidoses :-
Means :-
Due to absence of :-

MC  MPS is :- 
MPS with NO mental retardation :- 
MPS with NO corneal clouding :- 
MPS with XLR inheritance :- 
MPS with no visceromegaly :- 
MPS with no leucocyte inclusions :-
Pharmac page 87
Dopamine 
Dose dependent action :-
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
Dopamine is DOC for ( D1 and B1 agonist ) 
Action :- 
1. 
2. 
Dopamine is DOC ( @1 action ;- ,,,,) 
1. 
2.

Route of administration of dopamine :-
Side effect is :-

Exogenous catecholamines :- 
Drugs :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Dobutamine 
Major action is :- 
No effect on :- 
Dobutamine use 
1. 
2. 
Route of administration:- 
Fenoldopam action on 
1. 
2. 
Dopexamine action on 
1. 
2. 
Fenoldopam & dopexamine 
Used in :- 
Isoprenaline 
Agonist :-
1.
2. 
Use :- 
1. 
2.
3.

Droxidopa
Prodrug of :-
Use :-

                            Epinephrine ,,,,,,,Norepinephrine,,,,,,,,,,isoprenaline 
Receptor
Selectivity :-
                 BP :- 
  Heart rate :-

Norepinephrine given in presence of
1.
2.
Effect :-

Effect of epinephrine/ norepinephrine/ isoprenaline :-

  1. Normal tracing :-
  2. Epinephrine:-
  3. Nor epinephrine :-
  4. Isoprenaline :-

Effect on heart rate :-
Effect on MBP :-

Non - Catecholamines -

@ agonist
Types
1.
2.

@1 agonist 
Effect :- 
Drugs are 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
@2 agonist 
Effect :- 
1. 
2. 
Drugs :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11.

Add :-

A

Review 13

Pharmac 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,

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16
Q

Disorder of Mucopolysacccharide metabolism

Disease ——> defective enzyme ——> GAGs affected

  1. Hurlers syndrom:-
  2. Hunters syndrome :-
  3. Sanfilipo syndrome :-
  4. Morquio A :-
  5. Morquio B :-
  6. Sly syndrome
  7. Natowicz syndrome :-
Pharmac page 91
B receptor agonist 
Divided into 
1. 
2.

B3 agonist
Drug :-
Use :-
S/E :-

B2 agonist

  3.                  SABA.                     LABA.                     VLABA  Duration  Of action :- Drugs :-        1.                              1.                              1.   
                  2.                             2.                             2. 
                  3.                                                              3. 
                                                                                     4.  Fast Acting :-  Use :-

Global initiative for asthma l
Age >12 :- ,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,
Age 6-11 :- ,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,
Age 0-5 :- ,,,,,,,,,,

Side effects of B2 agonist

Nor epinephrine depletors :-
Mechanism :-
1.

  4. 6.
Tyramine 
Metabolised by :- 
In Cheese & wine has :- 
When consumed together :- 
Stimulation of :- 
Causes :- 
DOC for cheese reaction :—>
MOA :- 
Ephedrine :- 
MOA :- 
DOC :- 
Other - 
             -
Methylphenidate 
Action :- 
Use :- 
DOC :- 
Drawback :- 
1. 
2. 
DOC :-

Narcolepsy
DOC for narcolepsy :-

Modafinil is DOC for
1.
2.
Recent drugs :-

Amphetamine 
Action :- 
Used in :- 
1. 
2. 
3.

Dextroamphetamine :-

Methamphetamine :-
Aka :-
Contraindicated:-
Teratogenicity present in :-

Guanethidine :-
Guanadrel :-
Rx of :-
Contraindicated in :-

A

Review 13

Pharamac 91-96

17
Q

Hurlers disease aka :-
Cf in MCQs are ::-
Treatment of hurlers disease :-

Pharmac page 97
Symapatholytic 
Classification
1. 
a.
b. 
2.

Non selective @ receptor blockers
Divided into
1.
2

Reversible non selective @ receptor blocker
1.
2.
Irreversible non selective @ receptor blocker
1.

Tolazoline 
Action :- 
Uses 
1. 
2. 
Phentolamine 
Phentolamine is DOC for 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Also used in :-

Phenoxybenzamine
DOC in :-

Drugs used in ERECTILE DYSFUCTION 
DOC :- 
\:- PNB SATAK 
P:- 
N:- 
B:- 
S:- 
A:- 
T:- 
A:- 
K:-  
Bremelanotide :- 
Is :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Uses 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Selective @ receptor blocker 
Divided into 
1:- 
2:- 
@1a :- 
@1bd :-

Side effect

@1a blocker 
Effect :- 
DOC for :- 
Drugs are 
1. 
2.

@1 blocker also :-
DOC for
1.
2.

Drugs are 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4, 
5. 
6, 
7.

Prazocin
DOC for :-
In CNS excitation DOC :-
In bradycardia DOC :-

Common side effect of selective alpha blocker :-

A

Review 13

Pharmac 97-99

18
Q

Aldurazyme is for deficiency of :-

Pharmac page 99
B blockers 
Effect of B blockers on heart 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Effect in kidney :- 
Uses of B blockers 
DOC in 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
DOC fo :- 
Contraindicated :-

Labetalol is DOC for :-

Other uses of B blockers :-

Non selective B blockers :- 
Aka :- 
Blocks :- 
Effect:- and contraindications 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Preferred :-

Drugs of non selective B blockers are

Cardioselective B blockers 
Aka :- 
More blocks :- 
Drug mnemonic is :- ONCE My BETA 
most cardio selective is ,- 
3rd generation drug are:-

3rd generation B blocker:-
Divided into
1.
2.

Drugs which are

  1. B blocker with @1 blocking action are. -
    a.
    b.
    c.
    d.
  2. B blocker with Calcium channel blocker is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
  3. B2 agonist and B1 blocker is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,
  4. B blocker with NO release :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
  5. B blocker with k channel opening activity :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,
B blocker which are 
1. 
2. 
Mnemonic :- CLAP 
C:- 
L:- 
A:- 
P:- 
Maximum intrinsic sympathomimetic activity :- 
These drugs cause :-
Contraindication are :- 
1. 
2. 
B blockers which are 
1.
2. 
3. 
Mnemonic :- Can Blow LAMP 
Can :- 
Blow :-
L:- 
A:- 
M:- 
P:- 
Maximum SODIUM channel blocking :- 
1, 
2. 
Minimum :- 
Contraindicated in :- 
Water soluble B blockers 
Excreted :- 
Contraindicated in :- 
Do not cross :- 
No :-
Mnemonic is BANANAS Chips :-

Pharmacokinetics
Maximum. Half life :- ………..
Minimum half-life :- …………

Esmolol
Use
1
2.

Maximum plasma protein binding :-
Minimum plasma protein binding :-

Maximum bioavailability:-
Minimum bioavailability:-

Metabolic effect of B blockers 
1st generation B blockers :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.

2 nd generation B blockers :-

3rd generation B blockers :- 
1.
2. 
3. 
4.
A

Review 13b
Pharmac
Page 99-103

19
Q

Read 14, 15, 16, 17

Pharmac page 105 
Anti Glaucoma Drugs 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
Miotics used in glaucoma are 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Uses :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,> ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
DOC for closed angle glaucoma :- ,,,,,,,,,,
MOA of miotics :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Side effect :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Specific adverse effect of miotics :- 
1. 
Example :- 
Causes :- 
Contraindicated in :- 
2. 
Cause 
a. 
b. 
Prostaglandin analogue:- 
Which :- 
Drugs 
1. 
2. 
3. 
MOA of PGF2@ :- 
DOC for 
1. 
2. 
Adverse effect are :- 
P:- 
C:- 
O:- 
S :- 
Contraindicated 
1. 
2. 
Sympathomimetics :- 
Include 
A:- 
B:- 
Sympathomimetics are used in :- 
MOA 
1. 
2. 
Adverse effect are :- 
Specific are :- 
Apraclonidine 
Acts both on:- 
@1 cause 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Brimonidine is :- 
Central side effect are :- 
B Blockers 
Non selective 
1. 
2.
3. 
4. 
Selective B blocker

Most potent :-
Longest acting :-

MOA :-
Use :-

Adverse effect :-
1. Causes :- ,,,,contraindicated with
2. Precipitates :-
Contraindicated:-

Specific adverse side effects 
TIMOLOL 
1. 
2. 
Metipranolol :- 
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor 
Systemic :- 
Topical :- 
Use :- 
1. 
2. 
Side effect of Acetazolamide 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Side effects of :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Recent advances in glaucoma 
Drug name :- 
Inhibitor of :- 
MOA :- 
Use :- 
Fixed drug combination :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,
A

14,15,16,17

Pharmac page :- 105-108

20
Q

Naglazyme is used for treatment of :-

Pharmac page 109
Serotonergic related peptide
All Receptors are :-
Except :-

Serotonin receptor 5HT1-5HT1A 
5HT1  is :- 
Location :- 
Types 
1. 
2. 
5HT1A 
Location :- 
5HT1 A agonist drugs 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Effect is :- 
5HT1B / 1D agonist 
Location :- 
Inhibits :- 
1. 
2. 
GPCR blockers 
1. 
2. 
CPCR R blocker :- 
1.

MOA :-
Used in :-

Recent advances
5HT1F :-
Used in :-

5HT1B/1D :- 
Drugs are 
1. 
2.
3. 
4. 
5.

Sumatriptans
Least :-
Safest to use in :-

Longest acting :-
Frovatriptan / naratriptan use
1.
2.

Maximum efficacy :- 
Rizatriptain > eletriptan :- 
Best drug to use :- 
Side effects are :- 
Contraindicated in :- 
Treatment of migraine :- 
Ergot alkaloid 
MOA :- 
1. 
2. 
Side effect:- 
DOC for gangrene:-

Dihydroergotamine :-

NSAIDS used in :- 
Opioids used in case of :- 
1. 
2. 
D2 dopamine receptors inhibitors 
1. 
2.

Migraine prophylaxis
Mnemonic :- Can PREVENT Migraine
DOC for prophylaxis of migraine :-

A

Review 18

Pharmac page 109-112

21
Q 
Glycemic index means :- 
Highest of :-
1. 
2. 
Lower in case of :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
Pharmac page 113
5HT2 R
Agonist example:- 
Use 
Antagonist 
1. 
2, 
3, 
4. 
CYPROHEPTADINE Uses :- 
1. 
2, 
3 
4. 
5.

METHYLSERGIDE
Use in :-
Side effects:-

Ketanserine 
MOA :- 
Use :- 
1, 
2,

Fibanserine
MOA :-
Use :-

Treatment of obesity

Anorexic agent drugs 
1, 
2, 
3, 
Lipase inhibitor drug :- 
Lipolysis stimulator drugs Drug :- 
MOA :-

Unknown mechanism
1,
2,
3,

Banned drug for treatment of obesity with S/E

5HT3 inhibitor :-
5HT 4 :-

A

Review 19

Pharmac page 113-114

22
Q 
Respiratory quotient :- 
Carbohydrates:- 
Proteins :- 
Fat :- 
Alcohol :-

Pharmac page 115
Antihistaminic
4 types of histamine receptors :-

H1 receptor 
Type :- 
Causes 
Effect 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Drugs are :- H1 blockers 
H2 
Type :- 
Causes :- 
Effect 
1. 
2. 
Drugs H2 blockers used in :- 
H3 receptor 
Type :- 
Causes :- 
Reversal effect of :-
Drugs :- H3 receptor blockers 
Aka :- 
Example 
1. 
2. 
Cause :- 
Leads to :- 
Used in treatment of :-

H4 receptor
Causes :-
Drug :- H4 blocker
Used in :-

H1 blockers 
1st generation vs 2nd generation
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Contraindicated in :- 
2nd generation are preferred in :- 
1st generation antihistaminics WITH USES :- 
1.
2. 
3. 
4.
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9.

DOC for Morning sickness :-

2nd generation antihistaminic:-

Tropical H1 blocker 
Drugs ;- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
3rd generation antihistaminic 
Derivative of :- 
1. 
2. 
3.

Uses of antihistaminic

H1 blockers
Allergic rhinitis DOC is :-
Non allergic rhinitis:-

A

Review 20

Pharmac page 115 -118

23
Q

Ferric chloride test is used to detect :-

Pharmac page 119
Bradykinin related peptide 
Cycle of bradykinin :- 
Enzyme required for bradykinin formation :- 
Receptors on which bradykinin acts :- 
Effects 
1. 
2. 
Kallikerin inhibitors are 
1. 
2. 
3. 
B2 receptor antagonist is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Drug for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema :-
Drug for treatment of hereditary angioedema :-
1.
2.

Hereditary angioedema 
DOC for treatment of hereditary angioedema is :- 
Alternative drugs are 
1. 
2. 
DOC for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema :- 
Alternative :- 
DOC for prophylaxis prior surgery is :-

Aprotini
Also inhibit:-
Effect :-

A

Review 21

Pharmac page 119

24
Q

Method of glucose estimation
1.
2.

Pharmac page 121
EICOSANOIDS
Synthesis of Eicosanoids ::- 
Prostaglandin causes :- 
Thromboxane A2 causes :- 
Leucotriene C4,D4 causes :-

Drugs acting on synthesis of eicosanoids

  1. NSAIDS :- ( COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitor)
  2. ZILEUTON:-
  3. Montelukast & zafirlukast:-
Prostaglandin analogue 
PGE1 
1. 
2. 
PGE1 / Both are used to maintain :- 
Uses of misoprostol 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Use of ALPROSTADIL :- 
Causes :- 
PGE2 aka :- 
DOC for 
1. 
2. 
3.

DOC for cervical ripening is :-

PGI2 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5.
Synthetic pGI2 :- 
Selxapage is :- 
Use of PGI2 analogues is :- 
PGF2@ :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Uses of carboprost are :- 
Uses of Latanoprost / brimatoprost 
1. 
2. 
Non Selective NSAIDs :- ACETOMINOPHANE 
Non selective means :- 
Acetominophen 
Used in :- 
Good : -
Poor :- 
Used in 
MCC of drug poisoning is :- 
CF of acetominophen poisoning is 
1, 
2. 
3. 
Acetominophen poisoning:- 
Cause :- 
Metabolite is :- 
Depletes :- 
Increase:- 
Damages :-

In HPE :-

Toxic dose

  3. Fatal :-

Prediction of hepatotoxicity:-
Time :-
Safe zone :-

Treatment of Acetominophen poisoning :- 
1. 
2. DOC :- 
Blocks :- 
Replenish :-

If no response :
MCC :-
Treatment is :-

Non Selective NSAIDs : ASPIRIN
USES
1. Aspirin at low dose ( 50-325 mg/ day ) :-
2. Aspirin at high dose ( 3-4g / day ) :-

Aspirin is analgesic of choice for

DOC for niacin induced flushing ( increase PG ) is :- ,,,,,,,,,,

Aspirin side effect is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,

Toxicity of aspirin occurs at dose ,,,,,,,,,,,
Manifest as :- 
1. Initially :- 
2. Later :- 
3. 
4. 
5. 
Treatment is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
In elderly:- 
Rx :- 
Non Selective NSAIDs :- INDOMETHACIN & Ibuprofen 
INDOMETHACIN is DOC FOR 
1. 
2. 
INDOMETHACIN is analgesic of choice for 
1. 
2. 
Side effect of INDOMETHACIN is 
1. 
2.

For closure of PDA, DOC is :-

Ibuprofen use
1.
2
3. DOC :-

Side effect of ibuprofen are

  1. MCC of drug induced aseptic meningitis is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
  2. :-

Drugs related to ibuprofen and uses :-

  1. :-
  2. :-
  3. :-
Nimesulide uses :- 
Contraindicated 
1. 
2. 
S/E :-

Non Selective NSAIDs :- PIROXICAN, ketorolac , others

PIROXICAN

  1. Undergoes :-
  2. Duration of action:-
  3. Onset :-
  4. Use:-

KETOROLAC

  2. Use :- 1.
    2.
Other NSAIDS:- 
More selective for COX-2 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Non selective NSAIDs:- Side effects 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6.
A

Review 21

Pharmac page 121- 126

25
Q 
Reductometric method 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Enzymatic method 
1. 
2.
Pharmac page 126
Selective COX 2 inhibitor:- 
Blocks :- 
1. 
2.
3.
4. 
5. 
S/E :- 
Banded are 
1. 
2. 
3. 
RECENT advances 
Dual inhibotor inhibits 
1. 
2. 
Drugs are 
1. 
2. 
Use :- 
Side effect :-
A

Review 21

Pharmac Page 126-127

26
Q

Test for carbohydrates

  1. To test all carbohydrates:-
  2. For reducing sugars :-
  3. Differentiate between mono and diassacharide
    a.
    b.
    c.
  4. Differentiate aldoses & ketoses :-
    a.
    b.
    c.
  5. To detect deoxy sugar :-
  6. To test for pentoses :-
  7. To test galactose :-
Pharmac page 129
GOUT 
Drugs for treatment of acute gout 
1. DOC for Rx Acute gout :- 
2. 
Drugs for Rx of chronic gout :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Acute gout 
DOC :- 
Colchicine MOA 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Uses of colchicine 
1. 
2. 
Side effects of colchicine 
1. 
2. 
3

Treatment of chronic gout MOA :-

Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor 
Drugs include 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Allopurinol 
Analogue of :- 
MOA :- 
DOC in :- 
Other conditions with hyperuricemia 
1. 
2. 
3.
Adverse effects :- 
1. 
2. 
To prevent allopurinol induced acute gout :- 
Give :- 
Inhibit:- 
Leads to :- 
Oxypurinol 
It is a:- 
Orphan receptor :- 
Used in :- 
Feboxostat used in :-

Side effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitor is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Uricosuric drugs 
MOA :- 
Uses of Uricosuric drugs :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Drugs :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5.

Side effect of Uricosuric drugs :- ,,,,,,,,,,,
Contraindicated in :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Specific side effects :-

  1. :-
  2. :-
Uricase analogue 
MOA :- 
Drugs are 
1. 
2. 
Rasbericase used in :- 
Pegiloticase :- 
Use :- 
Route :- 
S/E :- 
1. 
2. 
3.
A

Review 22

Pharmac 129- 132

27
Q 
Benedicts test :- 
Given by 
1. All :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,
2. Most of ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,except ,,,,,,,,,
3. 
Principle of benedicts test :-

Semi quantitative test :-

Component of benedicts test
1.
2.
3.

Pharmac 133
Rheumatoid Arthritis 
Drugs for RA 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Dose of aspirin :- 
Oral steroid :- 
Intra articular steroid :- 
DMARD :- types 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Conventional 
1.
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
Biological 
1. 
a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
a. 
b. 
5:- 
Action by :- 
Contraindicated:- 
Side effects:-

Small molecule kinase INHIBITOR (JAK - )
1.
2.
3.

Guidelines for treatment of RA 
DOC :- 
If no response:- 
Add
1. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2. 
3. 
If no response :- 
4. 
Methotrexate 
MOA :- 
1.
2. 
DOC for RA is :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Aka :- 
Side effects of methotrexate 
1. 
2. 
Monitor :- 
Hydroxychloroquine 
MOA :- 
1.
2. 
Uses :- 
Side effects of Hydroxychloroquine:- 
1. 
2.dose limit :- 
3. Ophthalmic examination:-

Bulls eye retinopathy is caused by :-

Sulfasalazine 
Metabolise to form 
1. 
2. 
Used in :- 
MOA of Sulfasalazine 
1. 
2. 
Uses :- 
TNF @ inhibitor 
Drugs :- 
1.
2.
3. 
4. 
5. 
Uses of TNF@ inhibitors :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Side effects of TNF@ inhibitors:- 
G:- 
O:- 
L:- 
S:-

TNF@ inhibitors are contraindicated in

IL1 inhibitors :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Efficacy:-

IL6 inhibitor

TOCILIZUMAB is used for :-
SARILUMAB is used in :-

Abatacept.
MOA :-
Causes :-
Used in :-

Belatacept used in :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

JAK inhibitor

Tofacitinib 
Used in :- 
1. 
2. 
3. 
MOA :- 
1.
2. 
Side effect :- 
1. 
2. 
3.
A

Review 22

Pharmac page 133 to 137

Pharmacology + Biochemistry (3 decks)

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