1 - Audiology, Audiologists, & ASHA Flashcards
Where did the study of Audiology begin?
At the end of WWII when many veterans had hearing problems due to lengthy exposure to loud sounds
Audiology
The study of human hearing
What was the original focus of Audiology?
Rehabilitation:
- Auditory training - Lipreading - Hearing aids
What other areas do audiologists work in besides hearing?
Evaluation of the vestibular or balance system
Monitoring the neural status of individuals undergoing certain surgeries or treatments
What degree do you need to be an Audiologist?
PhD or AudD
Audiology Assistants
Ofter are seen in military settings
Do filing, ship hearing aids, maintain equipment, take inventory, troubleshoot hearing aids, prepare equipment, assist audiologist with patients.
May only perform tasks planned, delegated, and supervised by the audiologist
Relationships between Audiologists and Physicians
Physician: Rules out any disease and/or pathology requiring surgery or medication
Audiologist: Analyzes the hearing mechanism and assists in disease diagnosis
Audiometrist
Performs hearing screenings and basic hearing tests
Typically works in schools
May also administer hearing conservation programs in industrial environments
What is the study of the treatment of Ear, Nose, & Throat called?
Otolaryngology
What is the tool used to measure hearing sensitivity is called?
Audiometer
Have audiologists always sold hearing aids?
No. In the beginning, ASHA would not allow audiologists so sell hearing aids
Professional Requirements for Audiometrists
Varies from state to state
Usually six semester (or eight quarter) units of approved coursework
Professional Requirements for Audiology Assistants
Varies by state
Spans from a high school diploma to enrollment in a masters program
National Certification for Audiologists
Given by ASHA and/or the American Board of Audiology
Requires a passing score on the PRAXIS
CCC
Certificate of Clinical Competence
CCC-A
Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology
CCC-SLP
Certificate of Clinical Competence - Speech Language Pathology
State Licensure for Audiologists
Very similar state by state. They mostly follow requirements as set by ASHA
Dispersement of hearing aids requires a separate license and usually requires a passing score on the state’s own exam
Three Reasons It Is Difficult to Determine the Impact of Hearing Loss
Many ear diseases, conditions, and causes underlie hearing loss
There is a wide variability in degree and/or severity
A combination of development, psychology, and environmental factors (time of onset, time intervention occurs, other disabling conditions, etc.)
Hearing Impairment
Hearing Loss
All-inclusive expressions
Encompass varying degrees and types of reduced hearing sensitivity due to some unspecified problem
An identification
Hearing Disability
Hearing Handicap
The effect of hearing loss
Used to describe the functional limitations caused by hearing loss
The ability or inability to cope
Deaf
Hearing disabled to the point that speech may not be understood with or without a hearing aid
Hard-of-Hearing
Hearing disabled to the point where speech is difficult to understand with or without a hearing aid or where it affects a child’s educational performance
Deaf Community
Deaf Culture
A group of individuals who use some visual form of communication
Are all deaf people members of the deaf community?
No. They must use a form of sign
Can individuals who are hard-of-hearing be part of the deaf community?
Yes - if they use sign as their primary form of communication
Hearing impairment is estimated to affect ______ Americans
31.5 million
Causes of Medically Treatable Hearing Loss
6
Otitis Media
Ossicular Disruption
Otosclerosis
Build up of Cerumen
Obstruction to the outer ear canal
Inner ear disease
Ear wax
Cerumen
Middle ear infection
Otitis Media
___% of all children who have had at least one episode of otitis media
75%
Separation of the ossicles
Ossicular Disruption
Calcified growth around the ossicles
Otosclerosis
Common Causes of Permanent Hearing Loss
6
Genetic syndrome
Neural disorder
Vascular disorder
Infection or trauma (can occur during fetal development, birth, childhood and/or adulthood)
Exposure to loud sounds
Aging
What is hearing loss that is attributed to loud sounds called?
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Any sound louder than ___dB with a daily exposure of ___ hours will produce permanent hearing loss.
75 dB, 8 hours
Hearing loss is the ____ most common chronic condition experienced by the elderly.
3rd
What is hearing loss due to age is called?
Presbycusis
____% of adults over ___ experience some degree of hearing loss
30-35%
65 years
What is hearing loss that occurs prior to normal speech and language development called?
Prelingual
What is hearing loss that occurs after normal speech and language development called?
Postlingual
Newborn hearing loss occurs in ____/_____ live births
1.2-5.7/1000
Is hearing loss the most common birth defect?
Yes
The Two Categories of Hearing Loss
That treatable via medication or surgery
That which is medically nonthreatening but reduces overall quality of life and effective communication
Intervention to alleviate communication difficulties
Audiologic Rehabilitation
Audiologic Rehabilitation Strategies
6
Hearing Aid Fitting
Counseling
Educating
Listening
Training
Speech reading
Audiologic Habilitation
Intervention for those who have not yet developed speech & language skills
What does a hearing aid consist of?
4
Microphone
Amplifier
Speaker/Receiver
Power Supply
What do Audiologist do with hearing aids?
Help in their selection
Fit the hearing aid
Program the hearing aid
Examples of Audiological Rehabilitation Therapy
Reading visual cues
Observing body language
Learning lipreading
What is often the first sign of hearing loss in young children?
The lack or difficulty in normal speech & language development
Assistive Listening Devices
Wireless FM systems that have a microphone used by the speaker. This information is then conveyed to the listener’s device
Infrared System
Similar to an assistive listening device but it uses infrared light waves to transmit information
Usually used for television sets or at movie theaters
IDEA
Individuals of Disabilities Education Act
Guarantees that all children with disabilities receive a free, appropriate, and public education designed to meet their unique needs
NCLB
No Child Left Behind
ADA
American with Disabilities Act
Its goal is to eliminate discrimination against anyone with a disability
SHHH
Self Help for Hard of Hearing
CICI
Cochlear Implant Club International
Government Groups Supporting the Hearing Impaired
IDEA
NCLB
ADA
Support Groups Supporting the Hearing Impaired
SHHH
CICI
Parent/Family Referral
A referral for diagnosis made by a family member
Usually only occurs after a long struggle
Professional Referral
A referral made by a physician, school nurse, SLP, or another professional working in a medical or school setting
Case History
A series of questions designed to provide the professional enough information to focus on the patient’s concerns and complaints
Hearing History
Looks at how hearing difficulties vary according to the environment
Tries to find out how hearing loss affects communication and quality of life
Hearing History: Questions Asked
4
How long have you had difficulty hearing?
Did this occur suddenly or gradually?
When is it most noticeable?
Is it worse in one ear or equally bad in both?
Medical History
Focused on disorders of the ear
Medical History: Questions Asked
4
Have you ever had medical or surgical treatment to overcome a disease in your ear?
Have you taken medication to overcome a disease in your ear?
Do you experience any dizziness?
Do you experience tinnitus?