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Intro to Audiology > 1 - Audiology, Audiologists, & ASHA > Flashcards

1 - Audiology, Audiologists, & ASHA Flashcards

0
Q

Where did the study of Audiology begin?

A

At the end of WWII when many veterans had hearing problems due to lengthy exposure to loud sounds

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1
Q

Audiology

A

The study of human hearing

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2
Q

What was the original focus of Audiology?

A

Rehabilitation:

- Auditory training
- Lipreading
- Hearing aids
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3
Q

What other areas do audiologists work in besides hearing?

A

Evaluation of the vestibular or balance system

Monitoring the neural status of individuals undergoing certain surgeries or treatments

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4
Q

What degree do you need to be an Audiologist?

A

PhD or AudD

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5
Q

Audiology Assistants

A

Ofter are seen in military settings

Do filing, ship hearing aids, maintain equipment, take inventory, troubleshoot hearing aids, prepare equipment, assist audiologist with patients.

May only perform tasks planned, delegated, and supervised by the audiologist

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6
Q

Relationships between Audiologists and Physicians

A

Physician: Rules out any disease and/or pathology requiring surgery or medication

Audiologist: Analyzes the hearing mechanism and assists in disease diagnosis

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7
Q

Audiometrist

A

Performs hearing screenings and basic hearing tests

Typically works in schools

May also administer hearing conservation programs in industrial environments

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8
Q

What is the study of the treatment of Ear, Nose, & Throat called?

A

Otolaryngology

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9
Q

What is the tool used to measure hearing sensitivity is called?

A

Audiometer

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10
Q

Have audiologists always sold hearing aids?

A

No. In the beginning, ASHA would not allow audiologists so sell hearing aids

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11
Q

Professional Requirements for Audiometrists

A

Varies from state to state

Usually six semester (or eight quarter) units of approved coursework

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12
Q

Professional Requirements for Audiology Assistants

A

Varies by state

Spans from a high school diploma to enrollment in a masters program

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13
Q

National Certification for Audiologists

A

Given by ASHA and/or the American Board of Audiology

Requires a passing score on the PRAXIS

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14
Q

CCC

A

Certificate of Clinical Competence

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15
Q

CCC-A

A

Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology

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16
Q

CCC-SLP

A

Certificate of Clinical Competence - Speech Language Pathology

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17
Q

State Licensure for Audiologists

A

Very similar state by state. They mostly follow requirements as set by ASHA

Dispersement of hearing aids requires a separate license and usually requires a passing score on the state’s own exam

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18
Q

Three Reasons It Is Difficult to Determine the Impact of Hearing Loss

A

Many ear diseases, conditions, and causes underlie hearing loss

There is a wide variability in degree and/or severity

A combination of development, psychology, and environmental factors (time of onset, time intervention occurs, other disabling conditions, etc.)

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19
Q

Hearing Impairment

Hearing Loss

A

All-inclusive expressions

Encompass varying degrees and types of reduced hearing sensitivity due to some unspecified problem

An identification

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20
Q

Hearing Disability

Hearing Handicap

A

The effect of hearing loss

Used to describe the functional limitations caused by hearing loss

The ability or inability to cope

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21
Q

Deaf

A

Hearing disabled to the point that speech may not be understood with or without a hearing aid

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22
Q

Hard-of-Hearing

A

Hearing disabled to the point where speech is difficult to understand with or without a hearing aid or where it affects a child’s educational performance

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23
Q

Deaf Community

Deaf Culture

A

A group of individuals who use some visual form of communication

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24
Q

Are all deaf people members of the deaf community?

A

No. They must use a form of sign

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25
Q

Can individuals who are hard-of-hearing be part of the deaf community?

A

Yes - if they use sign as their primary form of communication

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26
Q

Hearing impairment is estimated to affect ______ Americans

A

31.5 million

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27
Q

Causes of Medically Treatable Hearing Loss

6

A

Otitis Media

Ossicular Disruption

Otosclerosis

Build up of Cerumen

Obstruction to the outer ear canal

Inner ear disease

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28
Q

Ear wax

A

Cerumen

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29
Q

Middle ear infection

A

Otitis Media

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30
Q

___% of all children who have had at least one episode of otitis media

A

75%

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31
Q

Separation of the ossicles

A

Ossicular Disruption

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32
Q

Calcified growth around the ossicles

A

Otosclerosis

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33
Q

Common Causes of Permanent Hearing Loss

6

A

Genetic syndrome

Neural disorder

Vascular disorder

Infection or trauma (can occur during fetal development, birth, childhood and/or adulthood)

Exposure to loud sounds

Aging

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34
Q

What is hearing loss that is attributed to loud sounds called?

A

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

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35
Q

Any sound louder than ___dB with a daily exposure of ___ hours will produce permanent hearing loss.

A

75 dB, 8 hours

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36
Q

Hearing loss is the ____ most common chronic condition experienced by the elderly.

A

3rd

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37
Q

What is hearing loss due to age is called?

A

Presbycusis

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38
Q

____% of adults over ___ experience some degree of hearing loss

A

30-35%

65 years

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39
Q

What is hearing loss that occurs prior to normal speech and language development called?

A

Prelingual

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40
Q

What is hearing loss that occurs after normal speech and language development called?

A

Postlingual

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41
Q

Newborn hearing loss occurs in ____/_____ live births

A

1.2-5.7/1000

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42
Q

Is hearing loss the most common birth defect?

A

Yes

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43
Q

The Two Categories of Hearing Loss

A

That treatable via medication or surgery

That which is medically nonthreatening but reduces overall quality of life and effective communication

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44
Q

Intervention to alleviate communication difficulties

A

Audiologic Rehabilitation

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45
Q

Audiologic Rehabilitation Strategies

6

A

Hearing Aid Fitting

Counseling

Educating

Listening

Training

Speech reading

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46
Q

Audiologic Habilitation

A

Intervention for those who have not yet developed speech & language skills

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47
Q

What does a hearing aid consist of?

4

A

Microphone

Amplifier

Speaker/Receiver

Power Supply

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48
Q

What do Audiologist do with hearing aids?

A

Help in their selection

Fit the hearing aid

Program the hearing aid

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49
Q

Examples of Audiological Rehabilitation Therapy

A

Reading visual cues

Observing body language

Learning lipreading

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50
Q

What is often the first sign of hearing loss in young children?

A

The lack or difficulty in normal speech & language development

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51
Q

Assistive Listening Devices

A

Wireless FM systems that have a microphone used by the speaker. This information is then conveyed to the listener’s device

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52
Q

Infrared System

A

Similar to an assistive listening device but it uses infrared light waves to transmit information

Usually used for television sets or at movie theaters

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53
Q

IDEA

A

Individuals of Disabilities Education Act

Guarantees that all children with disabilities receive a free, appropriate, and public education designed to meet their unique needs

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54
Q

NCLB

A

No Child Left Behind

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55
Q

ADA

A

American with Disabilities Act

Its goal is to eliminate discrimination against anyone with a disability

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56
Q

SHHH

A

Self Help for Hard of Hearing

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57
Q

CICI

A

Cochlear Implant Club International

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58
Q

Government Groups Supporting the Hearing Impaired

A

IDEA

NCLB

ADA

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59
Q

Support Groups Supporting the Hearing Impaired

A

SHHH

CICI

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60
Q

Parent/Family Referral

A

A referral for diagnosis made by a family member

Usually only occurs after a long struggle

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61
Q

Professional Referral

A

A referral made by a physician, school nurse, SLP, or another professional working in a medical or school setting

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62
Q

Case History

A

A series of questions designed to provide the professional enough information to focus on the patient’s concerns and complaints

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63
Q

Hearing History

A

Looks at how hearing difficulties vary according to the environment

Tries to find out how hearing loss affects communication and quality of life

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64
Q

Hearing History: Questions Asked

4

A

How long have you had difficulty hearing?

Did this occur suddenly or gradually?

When is it most noticeable?

Is it worse in one ear or equally bad in both?

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65
Q

Medical History

A

Focused on disorders of the ear

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66
Q

Medical History: Questions Asked

4

A

Have you ever had medical or surgical treatment to overcome a disease in your ear?

Have you taken medication to overcome a disease in your ear?

Do you experience any dizziness?

Do you experience tinnitus?

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67
Q

Noise History

A

Looks at noise in one’s personal environment

68
Q

Noise History: Questions Asked

4

A

Do you or have you worked in an environment with extreme noise?

Did you experience such an environment in the military?

Due you pursue any recreational activities with loud noises (motorcycles, jet skis, etc.)?

Do you pursue any hobbies or work at home with loud noises (lawnmowers, air blowers, woodworking, etc.)?

69
Q

Family History

A

Looks at hereditary factors

Need to separate family members with noise induced hearing loss vs. hearing loss due to age vs. hearing loss from genetic factors

70
Q

Rehabilitation/Academic History

A

Looks at what intervention the patient has received from previously diagnosed hearing loss

71
Q

Rehabilitation/Academic History: Questions Asked

4

A

Have you had any previous experience with hearing aids? How was your experience?

Has the child had any previous auditory habilitation?

What is the impact of hearing loss on the patient’s academic performance?

What kinds of services has the patient received (speech therapy, etc.)?

72
Q

What is the first step in an audiologic evaluation?

A

Otoscopy

73
Q

Otoscopy

A

Visually assessing the status of the outer ear

74
Q

What is the handheld device used to visually inspect the outer ear?

A

Otoscope

75
Q

What are the parts of an otoscope?

A

Light source

Magnifier

Sterile or disposable speculum

76
Q

What does an otoscopy look for?

4

A

Cerumen buildup

Foreign Objects

Growths

Inflammation of the skin

77
Q

What does an otoscopy look for on the tympanic membrane?

A

Perforations

Inflammation

Abnormalities

78
Q

What is NOT the goal of an otoscopy?

A

To diagnose a pathological condition

If an obvious abnormality is found (draining ears, inflammation, bleeding, skin abrasions, pain), a referral should be made to a physician

79
Q

Audiologist & Cerumen

A

An audiologist can remove the cerumen or refer the patient to a physician

Usually an audiologist will only remove earwax if it will interfere with the test results

80
Q

What is a combination of a standard otoscope with a video camera and a color monitor called?

A

Video Otoscope

81
Q

What is/was the use of noise makers by audiologists?

A

They have been used in the past to test hearing

They are still sometimes used with very young patients and those with severe disabilities.

82
Q

What is the downside to using noisemakers?

A

They can only give an informal indication of hearing status

83
Q

What is/was the use of tuning forks by audiologists?

4

A

They were used in the mid-19th and 20th centuries.

The goal was to refine the noise maker tests

Are no longer used by audiologists

Some otolaryngolists still use them as an informal measure

84
Q

What is/was the use of general conversation by audiologists?

A

If a patient is able to communicate a normal level, this usually rules out severe hearing loss.

If a patient continually has difficulty conversing, this usually indicates severe hearing loss.

85
Q

What was the predecessor to ASHA?

A

The American Academy of Speech Correction

86
Q

When was the American Academy of Speech Correction formed?

A

1925

87
Q

Where was the American Academy of Speech Correction formed?

A

At a National Association of Teachers of Speech meeting

88
Q

What happened to ASHA name in 1947?

A

It became the American Speech and Hearing Association

89
Q

What happened to ASHA name in 1978?

A

It became the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

90
Q

What is ASHA?

A

The national professional, scientific, and credentialing association for audiology and speech language pathology

91
Q

How many members does ASHA currently have?

A

More than 166,000 members and affiliates

92
Q

What sort of professionals may be members of ASHA?

5

A

Audiologists

Speech-language pathologists

Speech, language, and hearing scientists

Audiology and speech-language pathology support personnel

Students.

93
Q

What is the difference between audiologists and SLPs?

A

Audiologists:
Prevent and assess hearing and balance disorders
Provide audiologic treatment, including hearing aids.

Speech-language pathologists:
Identify, assess, & treat speech, language, & swallowing issues

94
Q

What is ASHA’s vision

A

To make effective communication, a human right, accessible and achievable for all

95
Q

What is ASHA’s mission?

4

A

To empower and support SLPs, audiologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientists by:

Advocating on behalf of persons with communication and related disorders

Advancing communication science

Promoting effective human communication

96
Q

What is ASHA’s definition of an audiologist?

A

Audiologists are professionals engaged in autonomous practice to promote healthy hearing, communication competency, and quality of life for persons of all ages through the prevention, identification, assessment, and rehabilitation of hearing, auditory function, balance, and other related systems

97
Q

Do audiologists assist in the writing of IEPs?

A

Yes

98
Q

What other organization has a separate definition of audiology? How is it different?

A

American Academy of Audiology

It is very similar to ASHA’s. It just uses slightly different language and omits SLPs

99
Q

What other practice areas overlap with audiology?

A

Intraoperative monitoring

Vestibular Assessment/Rehabilitation

Cerumen Management

100
Q

How many members did pre-ASHA have in 1925?

A

25

101
Q

How many audiologists were members of ASHA in 2012?

A

12,000

102
Q

What requirements must be met in order to be an Audiologist?

A

At least 75 hours of post-baccalaureate study (effective 1/2007)
​
12 months full-time, supervised experience (effective 1/2007)

Doctoral degree (effective 1/2012)

103
Q

What is the difference between a PhD and an AudD?

A

PhD is a research degree

AudD is a clinical degree

104
Q

Why do audiologists join professional organizations?

A

It makes it easier to network and meet with likeminded people

105
Q

What sorts of professional organizations are there besides ASHA?

(4)

A

Military

Education

Hearing Aid Dispersement

Pediatrics

Etc.

106
Q

Do Audiologists need a license to practice?

A

Yes

107
Q

How long does a license to practice Audiology last?

A

ASHA: Every 3 years with 30 professional credit hours

Arizona: Every year with 10 professional credit hours

108
Q

Why is licensure important?

A

It validates a professional’s competency

It assures that professionals stay within their scope of practice

109
Q

Are audiologists required to be certified?

A

No. This is voluntary

110
Q

What are the benefits to certification?

A

It is often required or encouraged by employers

111
Q

What is certification?

A

A self-governing standard to inform consumers, peers, and other health care professionals of the SCOPE of practice and TRAINING of the certificate holder.

112
Q

What is licensure?

A

A government process that gives someone individual permission to practice a profession within the state

113
Q

Are more audiologists entering private practice?

A

Yes

114
Q

Are many national hearing aid companies hiring audiologists as part of their dispensing teams?

A

Yes

115
Q

Are many audiologists training technicians to take over some of the routine duties in their private practices (troubleshooting, hearing aid orientation, taking case histories, etc.)?

A

Yes

116
Q

What seriously impacts the science basis of our field and the ability to train new professionals?

A

There is a serious shortage of PhD faculty in communication sciences, including audiology.

117
Q

Do insurance companies reimburse for all audiologic services?

A

No. Many routine services such as rehabilitation are not covered

118
Q

Is the scope of practice for audiologists broadening?

A

Yes

119
Q

What are some Audiologist Roles?

6

A

Clinician

Therapist

Teacher

Consultant

Researcher

Administrator

120
Q

Relationship between Audiologist and SLP

A

SLP diagnosis whether hearing loss has caused speech and/or language delay and recommends therapy

Audiologist recommends solutions to assist with hearing loss

121
Q

Relationship between Audiologist and Educators

A

Educators are skilled at determining each child’s unique needs due to their day-to-day interaction with the child

Audiologist fits the child with rehabilitation and amplification support

122
Q

Relationship between Audiologist and Hearing Instrument Specialists

A

There can sometimes be a conflict between these two due to changes in state licensure requirements and other regulations

Usually they share the same goals

123
Q

What are some Audiologist Job Settings?

6

A

Schools

Hospitals

Manufacturing

Industry

Universities

Private Practice

124
Q

What are some of the focus areas in Audiology?

5

A

Diagnostics

Treatment

Rehabilitation

Hearing Function

Balance Function

125
Q

What is the most important part of the otologic examination?

A

The case history

126
Q

What are the four main questions that patients want the answers to?

A

Is there a problem?

If so, how serious is the problem?

What caused the problem?

What type of treatment will reduce and/or overcome the problem?

127
Q

How can a case study be gathered?

A

Written or orally

128
Q

What are the advantages to written case histories?

A

They can fill them out in the privacy of their own home or the waiting room

You usually get more information

There is a written record you can refer back to

129
Q

What are the disadvantages to written case histories?

A

You sometimes get incorrect information (a patient may check all the boxes in order to make their condition look serious)

130
Q

What are the advantages to oral case histories?

A

You are developing a relationship with the patient during the assessment

131
Q

What are the disadvantages to oral case histories?

A

It can be very time consuming

132
Q

How does the ASU clinic perform case histories?

A

They start with a written assessment then use an oral assessment to expand upon this

133
Q

What is the importance to observation while gathering the audiologic history?

A

You can determine…

…if the patient can follow general conversation

…if they favor one ear over the other

…if they appear to hear well in the current environment

134
Q

What is some essential information to gather during an audiologic history?

(4)

A

Identifying information

Health history of self and close family (diabetes, high blood pressure, medications, etc.)

Hearing history of self and close family (amplifcation use, work environment, etc.)

Any previous evaluations and findings

135
Q

What is some essential information to gather during an audiologic history if the patient is a child?

A

Developmental history including a summary of developmental milestones

Educational history including any speech, language, psychological, or any other services

136
Q

What are the categories of questions that might be asked?

A

Questions about symptoms

Questions about communication

137
Q

What are some questions related to symptoms?

8

A

What brought you here today?

Where do you think the problem began?

Does you problem affect one or both ears?

Did the problem begin gradually or suddenly?

Do you have a ringing in your ears?

Do you have a history of ear infections?

Have you noticed any pain in or discharge from your ears?

Do you experience dizziness?

138
Q

What are some questions related to communication?

7

A

Do you have concerns about your hearing?

Do you have greater difficulty hearing women’s, men’s, or children’s voices?

Do others comment on the volume setting of your television?

Has someone said that you speak too loudly or softly in conversation?

Do you hear people speaking but can’t understand what they are saying?

Do you have any history of exposure to noise in recreational activities, at work, or in the military?

Are there situations where it is particularly difficulty for you to follow conversation? Noisy restaurant? Theatre? Car? Large groups?

139
Q

During a otologic history, what are some areas that are focused on?

(5)

A

Hearing Loss

Tinnitus

Dizziness or Vertigo

Pain

History of Drainage

140
Q

What are some questions regarding hearing loss?

5

A

Unilateral or bilateral?

Did this occur in the last 90 days? (bad sign!)

Symmetric or asymmetric hearing

Fluctuating hearing

Progressive or sudden?

141
Q

What is the point of asking questions regarding hearing loss?

A

You are looking for a medical condition that affects hearing

142
Q

Most hearing loss is __________.

A

A slow, progressive disorder

143
Q

What are some questions regarding tinnitus?

A

Unilateral or bilateral?

What are some characteristics? Is it roaring, tonal, etc.?

Frequency of occurance

144
Q

Some tinnitus can be caused __________.

A

By another condition such as cardiovascular disease

145
Q

What are a some questions regarding dizziness or vertigo?

5

A

Unsteadiness vs. spinning sensation

Frequency of episodes

Duration of episodes

Related symptoms - nausea, tinnitus, fullness, etc.

Acute or chronic?

146
Q

Otalgia

A

Ear pain

147
Q

What are some questions regarding otolgia?

A

Localized or referred

History of episodes

Related incidents

148
Q

Otorrhea

A

Ear drainage

149
Q

What are some questions regarding otorrhea?

A

Unilateral or bilateral

When

Treatments

150
Q

What are the forms of Otoscopy?

4

A

Basic Otoscopy

Pneumatic Otoscopy

Otomicroscopy

Video Otoscopy

151
Q

Basic Otoscopy

A

Slight Magnification

152
Q

Pneumatic Otoscopy

A

Slight magnification

Air pressure changes in ear canal (by way of a bulb that you squeeze)

153
Q

Otomicroscopy

A

Operating Microscopy (Surgical Microscope)

Offers the best view of the TM

154
Q

Video Otoscopy

A

Continuous video feed of the ear canal and TM

Requires a fiber optic probe in the ear canal

155
Q

What are some limitations of otoscopy?

A

Subtle lesions are difficult to detect

Results from pneumatic otoscopy can be difficult due to nonuniform pressure

156
Q

What are some lesions that can be hard to distinguish during an otoscopy?

A

Specific type of otitis media

Retraction of the TM

Dark colored TM (Is it bad, indifferent, etc.?)

157
Q

What are some advantages of otoscopy?

A

It’s an easy way to identify gross abnormalities of the outer or middle ear

Video otoscopy allows for storage of digital images that can be used later for comparison

They can rule out misdignosis due to things like foreign objects and impacted cerumen

158
Q

How should an otoscopy by interpreted?

A

Within the context of everything else in a full diagnostic evaluation

159
Q

How do you perform an otoscopic evaluation?

7

A

Hold it properly at the head.

Don’t place it further than you need to obtain a clear view of the ear canal & TM

Anchor your hand against the patient’s head

The patient’s head should be vertical

Pull the ear up and back with the opposite hand to straighten the ear canal

Use the largest speculum possible without touching the sides of the canal to allow as much light as possible

Position the otoscope before you view

160
Q

What are characteristics of a normal tympanic membrane?

A

TM should be pearly white & translucent

The ossicles are often visible

Should be able the see the Umbo, the Manubrium, and the Cone of Light

161
Q

What are characteristics of a normal ear canal?

A

Pink

Clear of Debris

No impacted cerumen, foreign objects, growths, etc.

162
Q

How long does it take someone diagnosed with hearing impairment to seek treatment?

A

Usually six years

163
Q

What sort of issues are audiologists concerned with?

A

Communication issues, not physiological issues

164
Q

What is the difference beteen Audiologic and Otologic Examinations?

A

Audiologic focused on hearing information affecting communication

Otologic focuses on the medical aspects

165
Q

The prevalence of hearing loss is ______.

A

Increasing

166
Q

The number of household containing someone with hearing loss is _____.

A

Increasing

167
Q

The average age of someone reporting hearing loss is _____.

A

68.8 years

Intro to Audiology (11 decks)

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