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Intro to Audiology > 1 - Audiograms > Flashcards

1 - Audiograms Flashcards

0
Q

What is Degree of Hearing Loss?

A

The intensity level at which a person perceives sound

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1
Q

What are the four parameters used to describe individual hearing sensitivity/impairment?

A

Degree of Hearing Loss

Configuration of Hearing Loss

Type of Hearing Loss

Symmetry of Hearing Loss

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2
Q

What can we learn from Degree of Hearing Loss?

A

When someone scores outside the range of normal hearing, this indicates impairment

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3
Q

What is Configuration of Hearing Loss?

A

The degree of loss across test frequencies

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4
Q

What can we learn from Configuration of Hearing Loss?

A

It shows the shape of the hearing loss pattern on a graphical display

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5
Q

What is Type of Hearing Loss?

A

The characteristic that indicates the location or structure that is causing impairment

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6
Q

What is Symmetry of Hearing Loss?

A

A comparison of the test results from both ears

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7
Q

What is Threshold of Audibility?

A

The softest sound still audible

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8
Q

How is Threshold of Audibility measured?

A

In 5 dB increments using pure tones

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9
Q

What is Sound Pressure Level?

A

An intensity measurement

dB SPL

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10
Q

What is Absolute Sensitivity?

A

Another name for threshold of hearing

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11
Q

What is a Minimal Audibility Curve?

A

A graph of the audibility threshold using frequency and intensity in dBs

The graph is usually a curve

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12
Q

What is Hearing Level?

A

An intensity scale that references normal hearing thresholds

dB HL

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13
Q

Audiometric Zero

A

The sound pressure required to reach a threshold of audibility for each frequency

0 dB HL

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14
Q

What is an Audiogram?

A

A graphical representation of hearing test results

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15
Q

The frequencies used in audiograms are __________________.

A

Consistent with musical octaves

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16
Q

What are Audiometric Symbols?

A

Sets of symbols used for displaying hearing test results

They communicate what sort of test was used and what ear was being tested

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17
Q

What is Air Conduction Testing?

A

Testing using earphones or a sound field

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18
Q

What is Bone Conduction?

A

Testing using a bone vibrator

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19
Q

What is Sound Field Testing?

A

Testing using speakers

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20
Q

What is the range for Normal Hearing?

A

-10 to 15 dB

Up to 25 for the purposes of our course

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21
Q

What is the range for Slight (Minimal) Hearing Loss?

A

16 to 25 dB

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22
Q

What is the range for Mild Hearing Loss?

A

26 to 40 dB

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23
Q

What is the range for Moderate Hearing Loss?

A

41 to 55 dB

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24
Q

What is the range for Moderately Severe Hearing Loss?

A

56 to 70 dB

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25
Q

What is the range for Severe Hearing Loss?

A

71 to 90 dB

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26
Q

What is the range for Profound Hearing Loss?

A

> 90 dB

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27
Q

What are the symptoms of Slight (Minimal) Hearing Loss?

A

Fatigue

Miss some speech sounds and cues from a distance

Can affect education performance

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28
Q

What are the symptoms of Mild Hearing Loss?

A

Miss some speech sounds

Can be issues in developing clear speech

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29
Q

What are the symptoms of Moderate Hearing Loss?

A

Conversational speech inaudible

Loss of some environmental sounds

Strong negative impact on communication

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30
Q

What are the symptoms of Moderately Severe Hearing Loss?

A

100% of conversational speech is inaudible

Amplification is required to use hearing

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31
Q

What are the symptoms of Severe Hearing Loss?

A

Unable to perceive speech and environmental sounds

Some possible benefit to amplification

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32
Q

What are the symptoms of Profound Hearing Loss?

A

This person will be considered deaf

Very few people have absolutely no hearing at all

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33
Q

What is an Audibility Index?

A

A window of measurement that covers the wide range of frequencies and intensities used in normal speech

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34
Q

How can hearing descriptors be misleading?

A

They may sound more benign that the actual impairment

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35
Q

Do both our ears have similar thresholds of hearing?

A

No. This is rare.

A 5-10 dB difference is considered symetrical

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36
Q

When there is asymmetrical hearing loss, ____________.

A

Each ear is usually described separately

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37
Q

What does an audiogram look like?

A

X-Axis = 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, Hz

Y-Axis = -10, 0, 10, 20, 30…..100, 110, 120 dB HL

+ there might be a masking chart

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38
Q

What is Absolute Threshold?

A

Any measurement of auditory sensitivity with respect to some absolute physical level (such as dB or μP)

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39
Q

Absolute threshold is a _________ concept

A

Statistical

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40
Q

How is absolute threshold usually defined?

A

The lowest level a person indicates they can sense in at least 50% of trials

41
Q

Is threshold a direct property?

A

No, it can be influenced by factors other than hearing sensitivity.

42
Q

Always specify your ________ and ________.

A

Measuring units (dB SPL, dB HL, etc.)

Conditions of measurement (Coupler, real ear, sound field, etc.)

43
Q

Minimal Audible Pressure (MAP)

Real Ear SPL

A

Threshold measurements taken at the lateral surface of the TM

44
Q

Why are Real Ear SPLs rarely done?

A

A tube must be inserted all the way down to the eardrum

This is invasive and uncomfortable

45
Q

When might a Real Ear SPL measurement be made?

A

When fitting a hearing aid

46
Q

What is used instead of a Real Ear SPL? Why?

A

A Coupler SPL

It usually offers the same acoustic impedance as the human ear under an earphone

47
Q

What must you do when using a coupler?

A

Specify the earphone type and the coupler type

48
Q

What are couplers used for?

A

Audiometer calabration

Testing hearing aids

Other psychoacoustic measurements

49
Q

Minimal Audible Field (MAF) Measures

A

The threshold SPL measurements taken where the head of a listener would be during a test

50
Q

Free-Field

A

No reverberation

51
Q

Sound Field

A

Some Reverberation

52
Q

How is a MAF performed?

A

By using a sound level meter to measure SPL at the subject’s location (where the center of their head will be)

53
Q

How is MAP performed?

A

By using a sound level meter and coupler (with headphones) to measure SPL

54
Q

Are all measurements of absolute hearing sensitivity the same?

A

No, measurements will differ across methods

MAF ≠ MAP

55
Q

What is Relative Hearing Sensitivity?

A

Measures of auditory sensitivity with respect to an absolute measure of auditory sensitivity

56
Q

Where is Relative Hearing Sensitivity normally used?

A

During audiometric hearing tests

Audiometric 0 (0 dB HL) is

57
Q

On an audiogram, does 0 mean the absence of sound?

A

No

58
Q

What is a Pascal?

A

A unit of pressure

59
Q

On a Threshold of Audibility Curve measured in dB SPL, the thresholds are the basis for _______.

A

0 dB HL

60
Q

What does a Threshold of Audibility Curve show?

A

The minimum threshold levels by frequency

61
Q

What does “Base Zero” refer to?

A

0 dB HL

62
Q

A pure tone is a ____________.

A

Simple sinusoid

63
Q

What are the measurements for the dynamic range of hearing?

A

20 dB to 20,000 dB

64
Q

What is the frequency range of speech?

A

250 Hz to 8,000 Hz

65
Q

What frequencies does ASHA recommend plotting on an audiogram?

A

125 Hz to 8,000 Hz

66
Q

Why do we measure hearing for different frequencies?

A

Different speech sounds occur at different frequencies

Different environmental sounds occur at different frequencies

67
Q

Those with hearing loss will _______ certain sounds and often will hear sounds as ___________.

A

Miss

Mumbled or garbled.

68
Q

Those with hearing loss may ______ but not ______.

A

Hear

Understand

69
Q

When is a bone conduction test usually performed?

A

During a patient’s intake. It is not usually performed again until the patient has an abnormal air test

70
Q

Don’t use the word ________________ with the deaf.

A

Hearing Impairment

71
Q

What is Auditory Impairment?

A

That there is a dimension of the auditory system that is outside the normal range

72
Q

What does the term “Auditory Impairment” NOT specify?

A

Any restrictions in the level of performance of the individual

73
Q

What is a Disability?

A

Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the range that is considered normal

This is due to an impairment

74
Q

What is the difference between and impairment and a disability?

A

Impairment = Loss of function

Disability = Loss of ability

75
Q

What are two organizations that have their own hearing impairment classification systems?

A

American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology

Veteran’s Administration

76
Q

Why do most audiologists not like hearing impairment classification systems?

A

They don’t describe the effect!

77
Q

Hearing Level is not _________. Why?

A

Hearing Loss

Hearing Level = A threshold reference for audiologists

Hearing Loss = Measured against the above thresholds

78
Q

What are the limitations to gaging the percentage or degree of hearing lost?

A

Individuals with the same degree of hearing loss may experience very different auditory abilities in everyday life

79
Q

SNR

A

Signal to Noise Ratio

80
Q

An audiogram cannot predict how ______________.

4

A

Someone’s hearing works in a noisy environment

Someone’s temporal resolution

Someone’s frequency resolution

Someone’s physiology is working or malfunctioning

81
Q

Why do we need good temporal resolution?

A

To understand speech

82
Q

How can audiologists avoid confusing patients and family members with hearing loss classifications?

A

By fully explaining the problems the listener will be expected to have

83
Q

Do all pathologies create hearing loss?

A

No

84
Q

Classifications for hearing loss and descriptions of audiometric configurations only refer to __________.

A

Air Conduction Thresholds

85
Q

How many times must a patient respond before before a threshold can be determined?

A

3 times

86
Q

When are inter-octaves tested?

A

When there is a 20 dB (or greater) difference between octaves

87
Q

When plotting an audiogram, do you connect responses and nonresponses with lines?

A

No

88
Q

At what intensity level do we usually begin a hearing test at?

A

50 dB HL

89
Q

Which masking symbol do you plot on an audiogram?

A

The one for the ear being tested

90
Q

What is the difference between absolute sensitivity and absolute threshold?

A

Absolute sensitivity is the minimum threshold of audibility.

Absolute threshold is a way of measuring auditory sensitivity.

91
Q

Is it always obvious that someone can’t hear?

A

No

92
Q

For class, normal hearing is?

A

-10-25 dB HL

93
Q

For class, mild hearing loss is?

A

25-40 dB HL

94
Q

For class, moderate hearing loss is?

A

40-70 dB HL

95
Q

For class, severe hearing loss is?

A

70-90 dB HL

96
Q

For class, profound hearing loss is?

A

Anything greater than 90 dB HL

97
Q

What’s the difference in Absolute Threshold vs. Absolute Sensitivity?

A

They basically mean the same thing.

Absolute Threshold has to do with a physical measurement reference - usually μP

98
Q

What to we use to measure absolute threshold?

A

Couplers

Sound fields

Earphones

99
Q

When do we use dB SPL versus dB HL?

A

SPL used for regular sound measurement

HL used solely for hearing tests

100
Q

What is the difference between Absolute Threshold and Relative Threshold?

A

Absolute Threshold for sound measurement. It is measure against some absolute measurement.

Relative threshold for hearing tests. It is compared against a standard of normal thresholds

101
Q

How does ASHA recommend that an audiometric test be started?

A

1000 Hz at 30 dB (for normal hearing)

Intro to Audiology (11 decks)

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