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AQA GCSE Chemistry (9-1) > 1. Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table > Flashcards

1. Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you work out the mass number?

A

number of neutrons + number of protons

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2
Q

What happens when you get more electrons?

A

You get more shells

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3
Q

How do you work out the atomic number?

A

Number of protons = number of electrons

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4
Q

How do you work out the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number - Atomic Number

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5
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

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6
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

1x10m to the -10

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7
Q

What is the electronic configuration?

A

1st shell - 2 electrons

2nd shell - 8 electrons

3rd shell - 8 electrons

4th shell - 8 electrons

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8
Q

What does the number of shells determine/equal?

A

Period number

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9
Q

What does number of outer electrons determine/equal?

A

Group number

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10
Q

Why are noble gases unreactive?

A

Because they have a full outer shell

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11
Q

Can noble gases form compounds?

A

No, they are unreactive

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12
Q

What is a compound?

A

1 or more different types of atom that are chemically bonded

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13
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest part of any substance

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14
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that contains one type of atom

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15
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Contains 2 or more atoms joined together that are either the same or different

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16
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance that is made of 2 or more substances (elements or compounds) that haven’t been chemically combined.

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17
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

a compound that contains metal and non-metal atoms

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18
Q

What is a covalent compound?

A

a compound that contains only non metals

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19
Q

What are examples of sub-atomic particles?

A 
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Nucleus
Shell (energy level)
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20
Q

What was the plum pudding theory?

A

The atom was imagined as a sphere of positive charge (pudding) with negatively charged electrons dotted around inside (plums)

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21
Q

What state are noble gases as room temperature?

A

they’re colourless gases

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22
Q

What is the pattern of boiling point in noble gases?

A

The boiling point increases down the group

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23
Q

What does fizz show when an alkaline metal has reacted?

A

A gas has been given off

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24
Q

Equation for when an alkaline metal reacts with oxygen?

A

metal + oxygen -> metal oxide

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25
Q

Equation for when an alkaline metal reacts with water?

A

metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

26
Q

What happens to the density in group 1 metals?

A

It increases down the group

27
Q

What happens to melting and boiling point in group 1 metals?

A

It decreases down the group

28
Q

What happens to the density of transition metals down the group?

A

They are consistently high and they increase down the group

29
Q

What is the trend in melting and boiling point down group 7?

A

Down the group the boiling and melting points increase

30
Q

What happens to the reactivity as you go down group 7?

A

It decreases

31
Q

What type of mixture is separated when decanting?

A
  • insoluble solid from a liquid

* liquid from an unsoluble solid

32
Q

What type of mixture is separated in filtration?

A
  • liquid from an insoluble solid

* insoluble liquid from solid

33
Q

What type of mixture is separated in evaporation?

A

• solute from a solution

34
Q

What type of substance/mixture is separated in simple distillation?

A

In simple distillation, it separates 2 liquids with different boiling points. (can also separate a solute from a solvent when the solvent has a lower b.p)

35
Q

What type of substance/mixture is separated in fractional distillation?

A

Mixture of miscible liquids (lots of liquids with different boiling points)

36
Q

What type of mixture is separated with a separating funnel?

A

Mixture of immiscible liquids

37
Q

What type of mixture is separated in chromatography?

A

Mixture of soluble solids

38
Q

Example of the solvent?

A

Water

39
Q

Example of the solute?

A

Salt

40
Q

Example of products after decanting?

A

Water from sand

41
Q

Example of products after filtration?

A

Water from sand

42
Q

Example of products after evaporation?

A

Salt from salt solution

43
Q

Example of products after distillation?

A

Water from salt solution

Ethanol and water

Alcohol from sugar dissolved in alcohol

44
Q

Example of products after fractional distillation?

A

Petrol and diesel from crude oil

Ethanol and water

45
Q

Example of products after using a separating funnel?

A

Oil and water

46
Q

Example of products after chromatography?

A

Mixture of separated food dyes

47
Q

Properties of transition metals?

A

Have ions with different charges, useful as catalysts, form coloured compounds, not very reactive, high melting points, strong and hard

48
Q

How are elements in the periodic table arranged today?

A

Atomic number

49
Q

Before discovery of sub atomic particles, how was the periodic table arranged?

A

Atomic mass

50
Q

What were the early problems with the periodic table?

A

Not many elements discovered, atomic weights were inaccurate, no gaps left for unknowns, not every element followed the pattern

51
Q

How did Mendeleev overcome each problem with his periodic table?

A

Followed the pattern, left spaces for new elements (and predicted unknowns)

52
Q

What happened for scientists to believe Mendeleev’s theory?

A

Discovered a new element that fitted his prediction

53
Q

How did Newlands contribute to the making of the periodic table?

A
  • John Newlands was the first chemist to devise a periodic table.
  • Newlands’ periodic table was ordered by the mass of the element.
  • But, the table was incomplete and some elements were placed in inappropriate groups.
54
Q

How did Mendeleev contribute to the making of the periodic table?

A

-Dmitri Mendleev

55
Q

What are group 0 elements known as?

A

noble gases

56
Q

What are group 1 elements known as?

A

Alkali metals

57
Q

What are group 7 elements known as?

A

halogens

58
Q

What are the properties of group 1 metals?

A
  • more reactive than transition metals, react more vigorously with water, oxygen or group 7 elements
  • less dense, strong, hard and lower melting points than transition metals
59
Q

what do alkali metals form when they react with non-metals?

A

ionic compounds

60
Q

what compounds do halogens form when they react with non-metals?

A

molecular compounds

61
Q

what sort of bonds do halogens form with metals?

A

ionic bonds

AQA GCSE Chemistry (9-1) (10 decks)

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