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M3 Pharm B3 > 1. Anti-parasitic Drugs - Antiprotozoals Part 2: Anti-helminthic Drugs > Flashcards

1. Anti-parasitic Drugs - Antiprotozoals Part 2: Anti-helminthic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs Active Against Nematodes (4)

A

Albendazole (broad spectrum)

Diethylcabamazine (filariasis)

Ivermectin (oncercioasis)

Mebendazole (narrow spectrum)

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2
Q

Drugs Active Against Trematodes/Flues (1)

A

Praziquntel

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3
Q

Drugs Active Against Cestodes (2)

A

Albendazole: severe cases of tapeworm

Praziquantel: both cestode and tapeworms

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4
Q

Pinworm: Parasite, Symptoms, Transmission, and Diagnosis

A

Enterbius vermicularis

Seen in children

Symptoms: Pruritis ani

Transmitted by ingestion of eggs which hatch intestines, female migrates and deposits eggs in perianal area

Diagnosed by *Scotch tape test, look for eggs and white worms

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5
Q

Pinworm Rx (2)

A

Mebendazole

or

Pyrantel pamoate

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6
Q

Ascariasis lumbricoides: Parasite

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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7
Q

Ascariasis lumbricoides: Tranmission (3)

A

Ingestion of eggs, humans are the ONLY HOST

Intestinal larva; migrates through blood to lung

Can cause intestinal obstruction, Loeffler’s eosinophilic pneumonitis

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8
Q

Ascariasis lumbricoides: Rx (2)

A

Mebendazole

Pyrantel pamoate

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9
Q

Visceral Larval Migrans (Toxicara canis, dog roundworm): Defined and Transmission

A

Young children ingest larva, which matures in intestines and then migrates to liver, brain, and eyes

Transmission: ingestion of eggs from dog feces

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10
Q

Visceral Larval Migrans (Toxicara canis, dog roundworm): Rx (2)

A

Diethylcarbamazine

or

Albendazole

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11
Q

Hookworm Disease: Parasites, MOA, Transmission

A

Old name: Acyclostoma duodenale (old)

New name: Necator americanus (new)

*MOA: Attaches to mucosa and causes Anorexia, Ulcer, and Iron deficiency microcytic anemia due to chronic intestinal blood loss

Transmission: Direct penetration of skin by larvae found in soil, larvae travel to lungs (Loffler’s), coughed up, swallowed, mature in gut and produce eggs

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12
Q

Hookworm Disease: Rx (2)

A

Mebendazole

and

Pyrantel pamoate

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13
Q

Schistosomiasis (Blood and Liver flukes, trematodes): Parasites, Hosts, and Symptoms

A

S. mansoni, japonicum, hematobium

Dermatitis/katayama fever

Snails are host

Cerecariae penetrate skin of humans, causes (5):
Granulomas
Fibrosis and inflammation of the spleen and liver
Portal hypertension
Hematuria
Bladder cancer

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14
Q

Schistosomiasis (Blood and Liver flukes, trematodes): Other Parasites, Causes, and Symtoms (2)

A

Clonorchis sinensis: undercooked fish; causes inflammation of the biliary tract - pigmented gallstones

Pargonimus westermani: undercooked crab meat: inflammation and bacterial infection of the lung; hemoptysis

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15
Q

Schistosomiasis (Blood and Liver flukes, trematodes): Rx (1)

A

Praziquantel

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16
Q

Echinococcosis (tape worm): Echinococcosis granulosis (dog tapeworm) - Defined, Transmission, and Dx

A

Hydratid cysts in liver, lung, and brain –> cysts rupture and causes anaphylactic shock

Transmission: Eggs from dog or sheep feces

Dx: CT or MRI

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17
Q

Echinococcosis (tape worm): Echinococcosis granulosis (dog tapeworm) - Rx (3)

A

Albendazole

Injection of ethanol

Surgery (not to rupture cyst)

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18
Q

Echinococcosis (tape worm): Taenia Solium (Pork tapeworm) - Defined and Symptoms

A

Pigs intermediate host

Scolex: head with suckers and hooks

Symptoms: brain cysts and seizures

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19
Q

Echinococcosis (tape worm): Taenia Solium (Pork tapeworm) - Rx (2)

A

Praziquantel for intestinal worms and cysticercosis

Albendazole for neurocyticerosis

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20
Q

Echinococcosis (tape worm): Taenia saginatum (beef tapeworm) - Defined and Transmission

A

*Scolex: head with suckers but NO HOOKS

Transmission: eggs or larvae in undercooked meat

21
Q

Echinococcosis (tape worm): Taenia saginatum (beef tapeworm) - Rx (2)

A

Praziquantel or Niclosamide

22
Q

Filariasis/Elephantasis: Parasite (2)

A

Wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi

23
Q

Filariasis/Elephantasis: MOA

A

Filarial worms block the flow of lymph causing edema of arms, legs, and scrotum

24
Q

Filariasis/Elephantasis: Transmission

A

Anopheles and culex mosquitoes

25
Q

Filariasis/Elephantasis: Rx

A

Diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin

26
Q

Oncocerciasis (River blindness): Transmission, MOA, and Symptoms

A

Transmitted by blackfly

Oncocerca form skin and subcutaneous tissues
Adult worms live in subcutaneous tissues

Microflilariae migrate across cornea, causing ocular damage

27
Q

Oncocerciasis (River blindness): Rx (2)

A

Suramin (adult worms)

Ivermectin (microfilaria)

28
Q

Albendazole: MOA (2)

A

Inhibits microtubule synthesis

Blocks glucose uptake

29
Q

Albendazole: Uses (5)

A

Ascariasis

Trichuriasis

Hookworm and pinworm

Hydratid disease

Neurocysticerosis

30
Q

Albendazole: Adverse Effects

A

Blood count and liver fxn tests should be monitored for long term use

31
Q

Diethylcarbamazine citrate: MOA

A

Immobilizes the microfilaria and alters their surface structure

32
Q

Diethylcarbamazine citrate: Uses (4)

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

Loa, loa

Tropical eosinophilia

33
Q

Diethylcarbamazine citrate: Adverse Effects (5)

A

Headache

Malaise

Anorexia

Weakness

Mazzotti Reaction

34
Q

Ivermectin: MOA

A

Paralyze nematodes and arthropods by intensifying GABA

35
Q

Ivermectin: Uses (7)

A

Onchocerciasis

Strongyloidiasis

B. Malayi

W. Bancrofti

Scabies

Lice

Cutaneous larva migrans

36
Q

Ivermectin: Adverse Effects (8)

A

Due to killing of worms, side effects include (8)

Fever

Headache

Dizziness

Somnolence

Rash

Pruritis

Joint and muscle pain

Hypotension

37
Q

Mazotti Reaction: Defined and Symptoms

A

Seen with Diethylcarbamazine citrate

Common side effect of many anti-parasitic medication, depending on severity of parasite load

Symptoms: fever/chills, respiratory distress, and hypotension

38
Q

Praziquantel: MOA

A

Causes paralysis of worms by increasing the permeability of calcium

39
Q

Praziquantel: Uses (6)

A

Schistosomiasis

Clonorchiasis

Paragonimiasis

Taieniasis

Neurocystecercosis

Hydatid disease

40
Q

Praziquantel: Adverse effects (4)

A

Fever

Rashes

Arthralgia

Neurologic abnormalities

41
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate: MOA

A

Neuromuscular blocking by inhibition of cholinesterase –> paralysis of worms

42
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate: Uses (3)

A

Ascariasis

Hookworm

Necator americans

43
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate: Adverse Effects (1)

A

Liver dysfunction

44
Q

Thiabendazole: MOA

A

Same as albendazole:

Inhibits microtubule synthesis

Blocks glucose uptake

45
Q

Thiabendazole: Uses

A

Strongyloides

46
Q

Thiabendazole: Adverse Effects (1)

A

More toxic than benzimidazoles

47
Q

Anti-leprotic Drugs: Dapsone is rx for? (2)

A

Leprosy and dermatitis herpitiformis

48
Q

Anti-leprotic Drugs: Thalidomide - Rx use, pregnancy category, and risk?

A

Rx for erythema nodosum leprosum

Pregnancy category X

Risk for phocomelia (congenital malformation of limbs)

M3 Pharm B3 (10 decks)

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