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M3 Pharm B3 > 1. Anti-parasitic Drugs - Antiprotozoals Part 1 > Flashcards

1. Anti-parasitic Drugs - Antiprotozoals Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-malarial Agents (3)

A

Chloroquine
Mefloquine
Primaquine

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2
Q

Anti-amebic (2)

A

Metronidazole

Iodoquinol

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3
Q

Drugs for Trichimoniasis

A

Metronidazole

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4
Q

Drugs for Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q

Drugs for Pneumocystosis

A

Trimethoprime + Sulfamethoxazole

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6
Q

Drugs for Leishmaniasis (3)

A

Sodium stibogluconate
Meltifosine
Amphotericin B

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7
Q

Drugs for Trypanosomiasis (3)

A

Nifurtimox - Chaga’s Disease

Suramin - Hemolymphatic stage

Melasoprol - CNS and mucocutaneous

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8
Q

Drugs for Toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine

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9
Q

Malarial Drugs: Plasmodium Falciparum and Side Effects (2)

A

Chloroquine

  1. Severe fever
  2. Parasitized RBC occlude capillaries in brain, kidneys, lungs
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10
Q

Malarial Drugs: Plasmodium Malariae

A

Chloroquine

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11
Q

Malarial Drugs: Plasmodium Vivax

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

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12
Q

Malarial Drugs: Plasmodium Ovale and Side effects

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

Fever, chills, headache, splenomegaly, anemia

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13
Q

Malarial Drugs: Prophylaxis (3)

A

Chloroquine

Mefloquine

Doxycycline

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14
Q

Malarial Drugs: Treatment

A

Chloroquine

Mefloquine

Primaquine

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15
Q

Malarial Drugs for Travel: Areas without resistant P falciparum

A

Cholorquine

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16
Q

Malarial Drugs for Travel: Areas with chloroquine-resistant P falciparum (2)

A

Malarone

Mefloquine

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17
Q

Malarial Drugs for Travel: Areas with multidrug resistant P falciparum

A

Doxycycline

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18
Q

Malarial Drugs for Travel: Alternative for primary prevention (2)

A

Primaquine

Terminal prophylaxis of P vivax and P ovale

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19
Q

Malarial Drugs: Chloroquine MOA (2)

A

Prevents the biocrystallization
of hemoglobin to hemozoin

Inhibits parasite’s ability to digest hemoglobin

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20
Q

Malarial Drugs: Chloroquine Uses (2)

A

Malaria (kills active erythrocytic phase of all species)

Amebic liver abscess

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21
Q

Malarial Drugs: Chloroquine C/I

A

Psoriasis and porphyria

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22
Q

Malarial Drugs: Chloroquine Adverse Effets

A

Pruritis
Blurring of vision
Nausea
Vomiting

Long Term Use: 
Irreversible otoxicity
Retinopathy
Myopathy
Peripheral neuropathy 
Hemolysis (G6PD deficiency)
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23
Q

Malarial Drugs: Artemether MOA

A

Inhibition of parasite calcium ATP

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24
Q

Malarial Drugs: Artemether Uses

A

Complicated M. falciparum

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25
Q

Malarial Drugs: Artemether Adverse Effects (5)

A

NVD

Dizziness

Neutropenia

Elevate liver enzmyes and allergic reactions

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26
Q

Malarial Drugs: Quinine and Quinidine MOA

A

Complexes with DNA to prevent strand separation, blockade of DNA replication and transcription to RNA

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27
Q

Malarial Drugs: Quinine and Quinidine Uses (2)

A

Severe M. falciparum

Babesiosis

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28
Q

Malarial Drugs: Quinine and Quinidine Adverse Effects (4)

A

Cinchonism- tinnitus, headache, nausea, dizziness, flushing and visual disturbances.

Hypersensitivity

Hemolysis (G6PD deficient)

Blackwater fever

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29
Q

Malarial Drugs: Quinine and Quinidine C/I (3)

A

Visual, auditory, and cardiac problems

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30
Q

Malarial Drugs: Mefloquine Uses (2)

A

Chloroquine resistant malaria

Prophylaxis and treatment

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31
Q

Malarial Drugs: Mefloquine Adverse Effects (5)

A

Neuropsychiatric toxicity

Depression

Psychosis

Seizures

Cardiac problems

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32
Q

Malarial Drugs: Primaquine MOA

A

Acts as cellular oxidants

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33
Q

Malarial Drugs: Primaquine Uses

A

Eradication of dormant liver forms of

P. Vivax
P. Ovale
Pneumocystis jiroveci

34
Q

Malarial Drugs: Primaquine Adverse Effects

A

Hemolysis & methemoglobinemia in G6PD defeciency.

35
Q

Malarial Drugs: Atovaquone/proguanil MOA

A

Disrupting mitochondrial electron transport parasite

36
Q

Malarial Drugs: Atovaquone/proguanil Uses

A

Prophylaxis and treatment of malaria falciparum and P jiroveci

37
Q

Malarial Drugs: Atovaquone/proguanil Adverse Effects (3)

A

GI distress

Elevate liver enzymes

Flue like symptoms

38
Q

Malarial Drugs: Doxycycline MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

39
Q

Malarial Drugs: Doxycycline Uses (3)

A

Multidrug resistant malaria

P Falciparum
Filariasis

40
Q

Malarial Drugs: Primaquine C/I (3)

A

Granulocytopenia

Methemoglobinemia

Pregnancy

41
Q

Amebiasis (amebic dysentery)

A

Entamoeba hystolytica

Cysts ingested form water, tropozoites travel to colon

42
Q

Amebiasis (amebic dysentery) Symptoms (5)

A

Asymptomatic intestinal infection

Mild to moderate colitis

Severe intestinal infection (dysentery)

Ameboma

Liver abscess and other extraintestinal infections (anchovy sauce).

43
Q

Amebiasis (amebic dysentery): Drugs for Asymptomatic Intestinal Infection (1)

A

Iodoquinol

44
Q

Amebiasis (amebic dysentery): Drugs for amebic colitis

A

Metronidazole + Iodoquinol

45
Q

Amebiasis (amebic dysentery): Extraintestinal infection

A

Metronidazole/Chloroquine + Iodoquinol

46
Q

Giardiasis: Parasite, Side Effects, and Drug (3)

A

Giardia lamblia

Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea (often seen in campers/hikers) – transmission cysts in water

Rx: Metronidazole

47
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis: Defined and Drug

A

Vaginitis: foul smelling, greenish discharge: itching & burning – transmission – sexual

Rx: Metronidazole, and treat partner

48
Q

Metronidazole and Tinidazole MOA

A

Forms reactive cytotoxic products kills parasite

49
Q

Metronidazole and Tinidazole Uses (2)

A

Intestinal wall and hepatic abscess,

Other extra intestinal amebiasis, Trichomoniasis, Giadiasis, H.pylori, B.fragilis

50
Q

Metronidazole and Tinidazole Adverse Effects (5)

A

Metallic taste

Disulfiram like reaction

Headache

Paresthesias

Dark discoloration of urine

51
Q

Nitazoxanide MOA

A

Inhibits the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase pathway

52
Q

Nitazoxanide Uses

A

Metronidazole resistant protozoas and helminthic infection, Amebiasis, H.pylori

53
Q

Iodoquinol Uses

A

Luminal amebicide

54
Q

Iodoquinol Adverse Effects (3)

A

Iodine toxicity

Thyroid dysfunction

Peripheral neuropathy

55
Q

Paromomycin MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

56
Q

Paromomycin Uses (2)

A

Luminal amebicide

Cryptosporidiosis in the AIDS patient

57
Q

Paromomycin Adverse Effects (3)

A

Dizziness

Rashes

Arthralgia

58
Q

Trypanosomiasis (Chaga’s Disease)

A

Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to animals and people by insect vectors (Triatomine bugs) and is found only in the Americas (mainly, in rural areas of Latin America where poverty is widespread

59
Q

Trypanosomiasis (Chaga’s Disease) Complications (3)

A

Heart rhythm abnormalities that can cause sudden death

A dilated heart that doesn’t pump blood well

A dilated esophagus or colon, leading to difficulties with eating or passing stool

60
Q

Trypanosomiasis (Chaga’s Disease) Rx (2)

A

Benznidazole

Nifurtimox

61
Q

Trypanasoma brucei (African sleeping sickness) Transmission and MOA (3)

A

Tsetse fly

Extracellular replication cycle in blood and lymph

Invasion of CNS, inflammation, lethargy, coma, & death

62
Q

Trypanasoma brucei (African sleeping sickness) Rx

A

Early stage: Pentamidine, suramin

Late (CNS) stage: melarsoprol, eflornithine, and nifurtimox

63
Q

Leishmaniasis Defined (2)

A

Type of transmission (human-sand fly-human) is called anthroponotic

Visceral leishmaniasis (affects internal organs), cutaneous leisghmaniasis (affects the skin) and mucosal leishmaniasis (affects the nose and throat)

64
Q

Leishmaniasis Rx (3)

A

Sodium stibogluconate

Miltefosine

Amphotericin B

65
Q

Pentamidine MOA

A

Inhibition of glycolysis OR interferences with nucleic acid metabolism

66
Q

Pentamidine Uses (2)

A

Pneumocystosis in HIV

Trypanosomiasis & kala azar form of leishmaniasis

67
Q

Pentamidine Adverse Effects (6)

A

Respiratory abnormality

Hypotension

Hypoglycemia

Anemia

Hepatitis

Pancreatitis

68
Q

Sodium Stibogluconate MOA

A

Inhibition of glycolysis OR nucleic acid metabolism

69
Q

Sodium Stibogluconate Uses

A

Leishmaniasis

70
Q

Sodium Stibogluconate Adverse Effects

A

Cardiotoxic (QT prolongation)

71
Q

Eflornithine MOA

A

Suicide substrate of ornithine decarboxylase

72
Q

Eflornithine Uses

A

African trypanosomiasis (enters CNS)

73
Q

Eflornithine Adverse Effects (2)

A

Hematotoxicity

Seizures

74
Q

Nifurtimox MOA

A

Inhibits trypanothione reductase

75
Q

Nifurtimox Uses

A

Chaga’s disease

76
Q

Nifurtimox Adverse effects (2)

A

GI irritation

CNS effects

77
Q

Toxoplasmosis Parasite, Acquired, MOA

A

Toxoplasma gondii

Eating undercooked, contaminated meat (especially pork, lamb, and venison)

Eating food that was contaminated by knives, utensils, cutting boards and other foods that have had contact with raw, contaminated meat.

Drinking water contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii.
Accidentally swallowing the parasite through contact with cat feces that contain Toxoplasma.

**“Flu” with swollen lymph glands or muscle aches and pains that last for a month or more. Severe toxoplasmosis, causing damage to the brain, eyes, or other organs

Tachyzoites: rapidly growing tropozoites, in body fluids during acute infection, directly destroly tissues. Bradyzoites encysted in muscle, brain & eye

78
Q

Toxoplasmosis Rx (2)

A

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine

Clindamycin (Folinic acid)

79
Q

Pneumocystis Defined, Symptoms, and When it starts

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Symptoms: fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue

Can be serious with immunocompromised people

Start prophylaxis when CD4 drops

80
Q

Pneumocystis Rx

A

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

M3 Pharm B3 (10 decks)

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