1. Anatomy of the cardiovascular system Flashcards
Superior
Up
Inferior
Down
Anterior
Infront
Posterior
Behind
Medial
Towards middle of body
Lateral
Towards the outside
Coronal plane
Horizontal plane through body either side
Like putting a crown on
Median plane
Through middle
Parasagittal
Vertical anterior to posterior slice, not on mid line
Transverse
Horizontal
Endocardium
1 cell thick layer
Interface between heart and blood
Myocardium
Thick layer of cardiac muscle cells
Visceral pericardium
(Epicardium) layer of serous tissue between the myocardium and pericardial space
Parietal pericardium
Layer of serous tissues lining fibrous pericardium and facing pericardial space
Fibrous pericardium
Connective tissue to protect heart and hold its position
Layers of the heart wall
Endocardium Myocardium Visceral pericardium Parietal pericardium Fibrous pericardium
Which is the only bicuspid valve in the heart?
Mitral
Describe the structure of blood vessels
Tunica externa: collagen- protection and structure
Tunica media: smooth muscle, elastic tissue, collagen
Lamina: elastic layers, border between layers
Tunica intima: inside, vascular endothelium, basement supporting matrix
Artery
Conduit vessels
Carry blood away from heart
Arteriole
Resistance vessels
Control flow into copious numbers of capillary beds
Capillary
Exchange vessels
Responsible for gas exchange, absorption and secretion
Vein
Capacitance vessels
Contain majority of blood at any given time
3 main coronary arteries
Right: right cusp to right of heart
Left anterior descending: left front, coming down
Left circumflex: around
What is the other coronary artery?
Right conus artery
Sometimes arises from right coronary artery
How are coronary arteries positioned?
To perfuse different parts of the myocardium
Where do coronary veins drain?
Into the coronary sinus and into the right atrium
3 main branches of aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk (splits into Axillary and Carotid)
Left common carotid
Left subclavian artery
Where is the heart located?
In the mediastinum
Centre-left of thorax
What are the 2 main layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous: protection and structural support
Serous: secretory, provide lubrication between heart and fibrous membrane
