Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PYB304 > 1. Anatomy of the brain > Flashcards

1. Anatomy of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is biopsychology?

A

It is the scientific study of the biology of behaviour (Pinel, 2018). It systematically investigates overt behaviour and underlying internal processes. A teamwork effort where the knowledge of behaviour and behavioural research is crucial.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the “bio” branches of biopsychology?

A 
Neuroanatomy
Neuro-endocrinology 
Neuro-chemistry
Neuropathology
Neuropharmacology
NeuroPhysiology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neuroanatomy

A

structure nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

neuroendocrinology

A

nervous/endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neurochemistry

A

chemical basis of neural activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

neuropathology

A

nervous system disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

neuropharmacology

A

effects of drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

neurophysiology

A

function nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the psychological branches of biopsychology?

A 
Physiological psychology
psychopharmacology
neuropsychology
psychophysiology 
cognitive neuroscience
competitive psychology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physiological psychology

A

studies behaviour based on neural mechanisms - animal research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

psychopharmacology

A

studies neural activity and behaviour manipulated with drugs - animal and human research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

neuropsychology

A

studies psychological effects of brain damage in human patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

psychophysiology

A

studies the relation between physiological activity and psychological processes - human research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

studies the neural bases of cognitive (higher intellectual processes; e.g. memory and attention); human research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

competitive psychology

A

studies the biological basis of behaviour, often times across species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two divisions of the brain

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the divisions of the central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the divisions of the somatic nervous system and autonomic?

A

afferent nerves and efferent nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the divisions of the efferent nerves in the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is afferent?

A

CNS approach (approach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is efferent?

A

away from the CNS (exit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how much does the adult human brain weigh?

A

about 3 pounds (1.3-1.4 kgs)

about 2% of the total body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how much energy does the brain consume?

A

about 20% of the total energy consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the surface area of the cerebral cortex?

A

about 2500sq. cm (0.25sq.m ~2.5sq.ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how many neurons are in the adult brain?

A

90 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how many connections are estimated to be in the human brain?

A

100 trillion connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

meninges

A

membranes around the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the three kinds of meninges?

A

dura matter
arachnoid menix
pia matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are cerebrospinal fluids?

A

acts as shock absorber; mediates between blood vessels and brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

from the scalp, what is the order do the kinds of meninges?

A

(scalp)
(skull)

  1. dura matter
  2. arachnoid meninx
  3. pia matter

(cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are protectors of the brain?

A

meninges
cerebrospinal fluid
ventricular system
choroid plexus secretes CST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is in the choroid plexus secretes CSF?

A

lateral ventrical
third ventrical
fourth ventricle

34
Q

what is the total volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?

A

125-150mL

35
Q

how much cerebrospinal fluid is produced?

A

400-500 mL produced every day

36
Q

what does cerebrospinal fluid look like?

A

clear and colourless

37
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

specially structured cerebral blood vessels with tightly packed walls, which prevents influx of many toxic substances (but not dependent on size!). can be penetrated

38
Q

anterior - posterior

A

front - back

39
Q

dorsal - ventral

A

toward top / at back - under/belly/front

40
Q

medial/lateral

A

towards the middle/towards the sides

41
Q

what are the planes of the brain?

A

sagattal plant
horizontal plane
cross section
frontal plant

42
Q

horizontal plane

A

cuts the brain in half horizontally

43
Q

frontal plane

A

cuts the brain in half vertically from left to right

44
Q

cross section

A

cuts horizontally across the brain stem

45
Q

what are the major divisions of the brain?

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

46
Q

sections of the forebrain

A

telencephalon

diencephalon

47
Q

another word for midbrain

A

mesencephalon

48
Q

sections of the hindbrain

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

49
Q

telencephalon

A

two (mostly) symmetrical hemispheres.

50
Q

what are the sections of the telencephalon?

A 
longitudinal fissure
precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex)
central fissure
postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex)
51
Q

sulcus and fissure

A

grooves in the brain

52
Q

gyrus

A

bumps on the brain

53
Q

what are the major fissures?

A

central fissure
lateral fissure
longitudinal fissure

54
Q

what are the major gyrus?

A

precentral gyrus
postcentral gyrus
superior temporal gyrus

55
Q

frontal lobe

A

executive functions, thinking, planning, organising and problem solving,emotions and behavioural control, personality

56
Q

motor cortex

A

movement

57
Q

sensory cortex

A

sensations

58
Q

parietal lobe

A

perception, making sense of the world, anthmetic, spelling

59
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

60
Q

temporal love

A

memory, understanding language

61
Q

what re the major divisions of the cerebral cortex?

A 
frontal lobe
motor cortex
sensory cortex
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
62
Q

limbic system

A

part of telecephalon

generally thought to be implied in motivated behaviour (feeding, fighting, flight, sexual behaviour).

63
Q

what are the main structures researched in the limbic system?

A

amygdala

hippocampus

64
Q

basal ganglia

A

part of telencephalon

generally thought to be implied in voluntary motor responses and decision making.

65
Q

what structure of the brain is considered a part of the basal ganglia and limbic system?

A

the amygdala

66
Q

what is research on the basal ganglia particularly interested in?

A

pathway from substantia nigra (midbrain or mesencephalon) to striatum (putamen plus caudate) - Parkinson’s disease

67
Q

what is in the diencephalon?

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

68
Q

thalamus

A

consists of sensory relay nuclei that project information in a two-way fashion

69
Q

hypothalamus

A

implied in motivated behaviour through hormone regulation from pituitary gland

70
Q

what is in the hypothalamus?

A

optic chiasm and mammillary bodies

71
Q

optic chiasm

A

point where optic nerves meet (contralateral and ipsilateral)

72
Q

mammillary Bodies

A

recollective and recognitional memory function

73
Q

parts of the mesencephalon

A

tectum and tegmentum

74
Q

parts of the tectum

A 
inferior colliculi (auditory function)
superior colliculi (visual-motor function)
75
Q

parts of the tegmentum

A

periaqueduct grey

substantia nigra

76
Q

periaqueduct grey

A

grey matter around aqueduct that connects 3rd and 4th ventrical; pain-reducing effects

77
Q

parts of the metencephalon

A

reticular formation

cerebellum

78
Q

reticular formation

A

reaches from posterior boundaries of myencephalon to anterior boundary of mesencephalon
collection of nuclei with variety of functions; creates a bulge = pons

79
Q

cerebellum

A

litle brain

important sensorimotor system; likely broader function due to observed cognitive deficits in cerebellar damage

80
Q

myelencephalon (aka medulla)

A

comprised largely of tracts carrying signals between brain and body

81
Q

includes reticular formation

A

reaches from posterior boundary of myencephalon to anterior boundary of mesencephalon

collection of nuclei with variety of functions

PYB304 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions