1: A+P Basics and Systems Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is anatomy?
Study of structure, shape (morphology) and body parts
What are the 3 categories of anatomy?
*Bonus: 4th category
- Gross: organs
- Microscopic: histology
- Embryology & developmental
- *Neuroanatomy: structure and functions that make up NS
How are anatomy and physiology related?
Structure determines function
- all components work tgt to prod. outcome
- destruction of structure = loss of function
Name the levels of structural organization (smallest -> largest)
Chemical (atoms) Cellular (cells = smallest unit of life) Tissue Organ Organ System Organism
Integumentary System Organs
Skin (outer covering) Accessory organs (nails, glands, hair etc..)
Functions of Integumentary System
Protection
Excretion (sweat and oil - heat regulation + dehyrdation prevention)
Sensation
Production of Vitamin D (sunlight)
Organs of Skeletal System
Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Functions of Skeletal System
Support (framework)
Protection (enclose structures)
Hematopoiesis (blood formation within bone marrow)
Mineral storage (Ca2+ and P)
Different types of muscles
Skeletal: focus of muscular system
- with tendons and connective tissue
Cardiac
Smooth
Functions of Muscular System
Motility
- body movement, aid in digestion, mvt of blood
Maintain posture
Heat production (via contractions)
Organs of Nervous System
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves + receptors
Functions of Nervous System
Regulation
Coordination
What are the 2 division of NS?
Central NS: Integration Centre
Peripheral NS
Organs of Endocrine System
Glands - Pineal - Pituitary - Thyroid - Thymys - Adrenal Hormones Testis + Ovary Pancreas
Functions of Endocrine System
Regulation
Coordination
What makes the ES of regulation and coordination different from NS
NS: fast acting, via neurons, nt
ES: hormone use -> slow acting
- hormones travel through blood from glands
Organs of Cardiovascular System
Heart
Blood vessel
Functions of Cardiovascular System
Transportation of materials
- O2, nutrients, Fe, hormones, CO2
Thermoregulation
- via blood vessels
Organs of Lymphatic System
Lymph Lymph organs - thymus -lymph nodes -spleen -lymphatic vessels
Functions of Lymphatic System
Transportation of material: leaked fluid and proteins form bv (edema)
Cleansing + Immunity
- WBC
Organs of Respiratory System
Nasal + oral cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Lungs
Functions of Repiratory System
Gas exchange (O2 + CO2) pH regulation
How does the respiratory system regulate pH
H+ (acid) regulation via bicarbonate/carbonic acid
ie: by inc breathing rate = release CO2 (acid)
- inc pH
Organs of Digestive System
Oral Cavity Esophagus Stomach Small + Large Intestines Rectum Anus
