1 Flashcards
Proton relative mass and relative charge
mass: 1
charge: +1
Neutron relative mass and relative charge
mass: 1
charge: 0
Electron relative mass and relative charge
mass: 0.001
charge: -1
The elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing…
Atomic number
Elements in the same group in the periodic table have the same number of
Electrons in their outer shell
Which particles have the same mass?
Protons and neutrons
What does the atomic number tell you and where is it located?
The number of protons and electrons and it is below the element
What does the mass number tell you and where is it located?
The total number of protons and neutrons and it is above the element
How do you find the number of neutrons in an element
Mass number - atomic number =
What is an isotope?
atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Where are protons found?
The nucleus
Where are neutrons found?
The nucleus
Where are electrons found?
The shells
Two components of the structure of a metal
- A lattice of positive metal ions
2. A ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons
Describe metallic bonding
electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the negative delocalized electrons
Three properties of metals
- HIGH MELTING POINTS - metallic bonding is usually very strong so lots of energy is needed to break it
- CONDUCT ELECTRICITY - the delocalised electrons are free to move within the lattice
- MALLEABLE - the layers of metal ions can slide over each other
What is thermal decomposition?
A reaction where heat energy is used to break down a substance
Word equation for metal carbonates thermally decomposing
Metal carbonate →Metal oxide + Carbon dioxide
What is downward delivery?
Carbon dioxide is denser than air, so it is often collected by downward delivery. That means it just sinks to the bottom of a tube and stays there until you want to use it
Higher solid surface area increases rate because…
More of the solid is exposed to other particles
So the collision frequency is higher
So there are more successful collisions per unit time
Higher concentration/ gas pressure increases rate because
There are more particles per unit volume
So the collision frequency is higher
So there are more successful collisions per unit-time
Higher Temperature increases rate because
The particles have more Kinetic energy
So the percentage of collisions with enough energy
is higher
So there are more successful collisions per unit
time
Catalysts increase rate because
They provide an alternative route with lower activation energy
So the percentage of collisions with enough energy is higher so there are more successful collisions per unit time
