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MICROBIOLOGY - MCB 2004 > 1/9 CLASS > Flashcards

1/9 CLASS Flashcards

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1
Q

what are two examples of particularly dangerous bacteria

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
clostridium difficile

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2
Q

what are microbes

A

living creatures

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3
Q

how are viruses different from other microbes?

A

noncellular so not living; alive in somme ways but don’t fit the definition (living things metabolize food, grow, reproduce)

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4
Q

what are four things microbes have

A

proteins, sugars, nucleic acids, lipids

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5
Q

do microbes have greater diversity than animals and plants

A

yes, and sometimes not too small to be seen with the eye

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6
Q

what microbes are visible

A

multicellular (like fungi) and microbial (like biofilms)

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7
Q

what are the six major groups of microbes

A

viruses (acellular), bacteria, archaea, Protozoa, fungi, algae

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8
Q

what are the prokaryote microbes

A

bacteria and archaea

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9
Q

what are the eukaryote microbes

A

protozoa, fungi, algae

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10
Q

convert from micrometer to millimeter

A

1 millimeter = 1000 micrometers

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11
Q

convert from nano meter to micrometer

A

1 micro = 1000 nano

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12
Q

why is it important to know the sizes of different microbes

A

many sterilization protocols use filtration to remove pathogenic microbes from liquids, medical solutions, etc

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13
Q

how does amount of mask layers impact effectiveness

A

more layers of fiber, high ability to stop very small particle

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14
Q

why are microbial species difficult to classify - three reasons

A

difficult to distinguish by shape, often reproduce asexually + pass DNA without reproduction

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15
Q

why do bacteria reproduce asexually and how does that impact classification

A

bacteria are haploid and don’t engage in sexual reproduction, so species definition cannot be based on ability to interbreed

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16
Q

whats horizontal transfer of DNA

A

passing it without reproduction

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17
Q

how are biochemical properties used to classify microbes

A

gram stain; ability to metabolize diff substances

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18
Q

how is DNA used to classify microbes

A

bacterial genomes small, and many of have been sequences; all ‘cellular’ organisms have double-stranded DNA

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19
Q

are viruses cells

A

no

20
Q

do bacteria have a nucelus

A

no, they’re prokaryotes; DNA is in cytoplasm

21
Q

what kind of cell walls do bacteria have

A

peptidoglycann

22
Q

what do bacteria use for energy

A

organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, photosynthesis

23
Q

whats used to classify bacteria

A

immunoassays and biochem properties (gram stain) and DNA sequences

24
Q

what are immunoassays

A

binding of test. antibodies to different strains to deter diff strains

25
Q

are archaea pro or eu

A

pro

26
Q

what do archaea cell walls lack

A

peptidoglycan, many dont have cell walls at all

27
Q

what kind of environment do archaea live in

A

extreme; many live in mouth

28
Q

what are three examples of archaea

A

methanogens, extreme halophiles (lots of salt), extreme thermophiles

29
Q

are archaea bacteria?

A

no, similar size and shape but diff biochem

30
Q

how are archaea diff from bacteria

A

diff membranes, archaea ribosomes similar to eu ribosomes, live in harsh environments

31
Q

describe archaea gene sequences

A

16s rRNA gene sequence; found in all creatures; archaea separate domain of life

32
Q

are fungi eu or pro

A

eu, most closely related to us

33
Q

whats in fungi cell walls

A

chitin

34
Q

what do fungi use for energy

A

organic chemicals

35
Q

multi or uni cellular: molds, mushrooms, yeasts

A

multi - molds and mushrooms
uni - yeasts

36
Q

are protozoa eu or pro

A

eu

37
Q

what do protozoa ingest

A

organic chemicals

38
Q

how do protozoa move

A

via pseudopods, cilia, flagells

39
Q

what do beneficial protozoa do

A

consume waste

40
Q

what are two examples of protozoal pathogens

A

plasmodium (malaria), naegleria fowleri

41
Q

are algae pro or eu

A

eu

42
Q

are algae ancestor of plants

A

yes

43
Q

describe algae cell wall

A

celluluse

44
Q

what do algae use for energy

A

photosynthesis

45
Q

what do algae produce

A

molecular O and organic commpounds

46
Q

how do algae help keep atmospheric gases in balance

A

by consuming CO2 and producing O2

47
Q

whats the difference between true allege and secondary endosymbiotic alage

A

true - benefical
secondary - can be very bad

MICROBIOLOGY - MCB 2004 (3 decks)

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