1/6 Respiration Acid-Base Flashcards
What is the equation that expresses acid-base balance in the body?
CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 –> H+ + HCO3-
Why is this an effective buffer system?
CO2 can be controlled by respiration and HCO3- can be controlled by the kidneys.
How does this buffer system work?
When H+ is added to the blood, HCO3- declines as carbonic acid is formed. As a result CO2 is eliminated by the lungs.
What is acidosis?
A disease process that lowers the blood pH = acidaemia
What is alkalosis?
A disease process which raises blood pH = alkalaemia
What is the normal blood pH range?
7.37-7.42
What is the pH range compatible with life?
6.8-8.0
What is arterial blood pH?
7.4 –> despite the body’y daily acid production
What are the two types of acid produced in the body?
Volatile acid Non-volatile (fixed) acid
How is volatile acid made?
During daily CO2 production H+ must be buffered while in the viens but inlings CO2 is released and helps replace balance.
How is non-volatile acid produced?
What happens during respiratory failure, producing inadequate alveolar ventilation (Va)?
CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 –> H+ + HCO3-
CO2 retention (paralysis, chest trauma, spinal damage, lung/airway disease)
Equilibrium shifts to H+ retention and respiratory acidosis (accumulation of H+)
What happens during hyperventilation, producing excessive alveolar ventilation (Va)?
co2 + H2O –> H2CO3 –> h+ + HCO3-
Excess CO2 removal from blood in the lungs (CNS excitement/disease, altitude- hyperventilation, hyperthermia etc)
Equilibrium shifts left toward H+ recomination, replacing lost CO2 and respiration alkalosis
How are CO2 blood concentrations related to respiratory acid-base disorders?
High CO2 retention in blood –> respiratory acidosis
Too low CO2 concentration in blood –> respiratory alkalosis
Summary chart of acid-base balance compensation
