1-5 Jarvis

Question 1

Noradrenaline

Answer 1

Adrenergic agonist
a1>a2=b1>b2
No methyl group

Question 2

Adrenaline

Answer 2

Adrenergic agonist

a2>a1>b1=b2

Question 4

Aspirin

Answer 4

NSAID 
COX (cyclo oxygenase) inhibitor 
(Dioxygenase and perioxidase) 
Decrease prostaglandin synthesis 
Acetylsalicylic acid 
Inhibit COX 1 = undesired effects 
Inhibit COX 2 = desired effects

Question 5

Ivermectin

Answer 5

Anthelmintic –> flaccid paralysis
Opens Glu-gated Cl- channels - only in invertebrates
Breed sensitivities - accumulates in CSF of collies

Question 6

Ibuprofen

Answer 6

Non-selective COX inhibitor 
Arylpropionic acid derivative 
GI ulceration 
Renal failure 
Entero-hepatic circulation - high concs excreted in bile and reabsorbed

Question 7

Phenylbutazone

Answer 7

NSAID used to treat pain and fever
Eliminated principally by drug metabolism 
Phase 1 - synthetic enzymes 
Phase 2 - conjugating enzymes 
Metabolism is species dependent

Question 8

Carprofen

Answer 8

COX 1 inhibitor humans 
COX 2 inhibitor cats/dogs 
Arylpropionic acid derivative 
Photoallergen 
UV causes photodehalogenation to free radical that binds proteins

Question 9

Paracetamol

Answer 9

Highly toxic to cats and dogs
Cats incapable of Phase 2 metabolism - toxic metabolites accumulate
Glucuronyl transferase absent in cats
Haemotoxicity
N-acetylation deficient in cats and dogs
Dogs - no NAT 1 or 2
Cats - no NAT 2

Question 10

Warfarin

Answer 10

Synthetic
Can’t smell or taste
Competitive inhibitor Vit K epoxide reductase
Prevents activation/reduction of Vit K
Vit K is cofactor for PTM of glutamate..
Prevents carboxylation of glutamate
Disrupts coagulation cascade (Factors II, VII, IX, X)
Decrease thrombin formation, less fibrin

Question 11

Coumarin analogues

Answer 11

Eg warfarin

Dicoumarol - sweet clover disease, spoilt sweet clover silages

Question 12

Theobromine

Answer 12

3,7-Dimethylxanthine, closely related to caffeine
Toxic alkaloid in chocolate
Lethal dose = 300-1000mg/kg
Agitation, hyperexcitability, cardiotoxicity
Unusually long half life in dogs (18hrs)

Question 13

Salbutamol

Answer 13

B adrenergic agonist

Question 14

Xanthine

Answer 14

Oxidised purine

Question 15

Caffeine

Answer 15

1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
Demethylation to methylxanthines and xanthines
Oxidation to uric acid derivatives

Question 16

Etamiphylline

Answer 16

A methylxanthine

Used as a veterinary cardiac/respiratory stimulant

Question 17

Methylxanthines

Answer 17

Antagonists of adenosine receptors 
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterases 
-Increase levels of cAMP and cGMP 
Positive iono/chronotropic effects 
Vaso/bronchodilators 
Cardiac/CNS stimulant 
Activate ryanodine receptors

Question 18

Flunixin

Answer 18

NSAID
Horses cattle and pigs
GI ulceration

Question 19

Loperamide

Answer 19

Opioid drug used against diarrhoea

• opioid receptor agonist in myenteric plexus of large intestine
• not CNS

Question 20

N-acetyl cysteine

Answer 20

Mucolytic agent

Used in paracetamol overdose

Question 21

Theophylline

Answer 21

1,3-dimethylxanthine