1 Flashcards
Published holding pattern
D- direction of hold in relation to fix
F-fix
E-EFC time
Position reports should include…
I- ID, aka tail number P-position T-time, type of flight plan A- altitude N-name of next fix E-ETA at that fix S-supplemental information
Non-published holding pattern
D- direction of hold in relation to fix F-fix R- radial of hold A- altitude T-turns E-EFC time
What are the max holding airspeeds?
- up to 6,000….200kts
- 6,001-14,000….230kts
- 14,001- above…265 kts
How can we identify a missed approach point?
- time from the final approach fix
- DME
- cross radial
- DH
- circling when you lose right of the RWY
When is a procedure turn not required?
AIM 5-4-9
- when there is a “NoPT” remark at the IAP
- otherwise directed by ATC
- radar vectored to final
- timed approaches from a holding fix
- holding or teardrop depicted in lieu of PT
Logging instrument time
a. 61.51 g(1)
b. 61.51 g(3i-ii)(4)
a. Solely by reference to instrument under actual or simulated
- an authorized instructor may log instrument time when conducting instrument flight instruction in actual instrument conditions
b. Location and type of each approach, safety pilot if required, flight simulator may be used by a person to log instrument time provided an authorized instructor is present
Recent experience requirements to act as PIC under IFR (within 6months)
61.57 c
- 66HIT
- passenger currency (90 day rule) 3 landings
- have an additional 6months after PIC currency expires (6months) to complete these requirements before IPC is required (61.57d)
- safety pilot must be rated in same category and class with medical and PPL
When must we file an alternate?
91.169
- 1hr before or after ETA, 2000’, 3 mile vis
- if airport of intended landing has only GPS approach
- you can file an alternate airport that has a WAAS enabled GPS approach only given that the weather meets the non-precision approach mins
What are standard alternate mins
91.169
- precision: 600’, 2 mile vis @ ETA
- non-precision: 800’, 2 mile vis @ETA
VFR day
- 205B
- 205D
A- anti collision light T-tachometer O-oil pressure gauge M-magnetic compass A-air speed indicator T-temperature gauge O-oil temperature E- emergency equipment F- fuel gauges L- landing gear position lights A- altimeter M- manifold pressure gauges E- ELT S- seat belts
VFR night
91.205C
F- fuses L-landing lights A- anti collision lights P- position lights S- source of electrical power
Instrument
91.205
G- generator/ alternator R- radio A- altimeter B- ball C- clock with second hand A- attitude indicator R- rate of turn coordinator D- directional D- DME a over FL 240
Required documents
91.203
A- airworthiness R- registration R- radio license O- operating limitations W- weight and balance
Aircraft airworthiness
A- altimeter A- annual inspection V- VOR check every 30 days 1- 100 hr A- AD's T- transponder (24 months) E- ELT (12 months, 1/2 shelf life) S- static system (24 months)
Acceleration Errors
A- accelerated
N-north
D- decelerated
S-south
Compass errors
V- variation D- deviation M-magnetic dip O-oscillation N-northerly turning errors A- acceleration errors
Turning errors
U-undershoot
N-north
O-overshoot
S-south
Lost procedures
C-climb C- call/ communicate C-confess C-comply C-conserve
Go around/ missed approach
C- cram C-climb C-clean C-cool C-call
5 T’s: Holding
T-turn T-time T-twist T-throttle T-talk
Must know for flight
91.103
N- NOTAMS W-weather K-known traffic delays R- RWY lengths A- alternates if needed F- fuel requirements T-take off and landing distance
3 errors of ifr scan
F- fixation
O- omission
E- emphasis
Fundamental skills of ifr flying
- Instrument cross check
- Instrument interpretation
- Aircraft control
MSA
- min safe altitudes
- found on approach plates and provides 1,000’ terrain clearance within 22nm of the airport, used for emergency purposes
OROCA
- off route obstacle clearance altitude
- provides obstacle clearance of 1,000’ and 2,000’
- may not provide signal coverage from ground based NAV aids, ATC radar, or communications
MCA
- min crossing altitude
- lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher min en route ifr altitude
MRA
- min reception altitude
- lowest altitude at which an intersection can be determined
MAA
- max authorized altitude
- max usable altitude or flight level for an airspace structure or route segment for which adequate reception of navigation aid signals are assured
MOCA
- min obstruction clearance altitude
- measures reliable navigation only within 22nm of facility and obstacle clearance
MEA
- min en route altitude
- lowest published altitude between radio fixes that guarantees adequate navigational signal reception and obstruction clearance of 1,000’ in non- mountainous and 2,000’ in mountainous terrain
3 definitions of night
- sunset (91.209) beacons go on
- evening civil twilight (1.1) 30 after sunset, 30 before sunrise. Used for logging night flight
- 1 hour after sunset to 1 hr before sunrise (61.57b)
Mode C transponder requirements
91.215
- class A,B,C
- within 30 nm of B
- above the ceiling within the lateral boundaries of class B or class C up to 10,000 MSL
- all airspace at and above 10,000 MSL, excluding that airspace below 2,500 AGL
Oxygen requirements
91.211
- 12,500’ up and including 14,000’ MSL, required min flight crew provided and use O2 for a flight greater than 30 mins
- above 14,000’ min flight crew provided and use O2 entire flight
- above 15,000’ all passengers
Standard lost communications procedures
- 185
- 185b
- VFR: if the failure occurs in VFR conditions or…
- if VFR conditions are encountered after the failure, each pilot shall continue the flight under VFR and land as soon as practicable
- sq 7600
If IFR (91.185c(1&2))
Altitude
M- min enroute altitude
E- expected altitude
A-assigned
If IFR
Route
A- assigned
V-vectored
E-expected
F-filed
