1 Flashcards
Scientist first hypothesized that medical personnel can infect patients with pathogens
Semmelweis
Scientist who first described MOs such as bacteria
Leeuwenhoek
Who first promulgated the theory of abiogenesis?
Aristotle
Leeuwenhoek described MOs as?
Animalcules
He developed smallpox inmunization
Edward Jenner
Use of magic bullet-cpd.target only Mo causing the disease no harm to the host
Paul Ehrlich
Father of Aseptic Surgery
Joseph Lister
Favored the theory of spontaneous generation
John Needham
Bacteria is a eukaryotic
False
Describe a spherical bactrium
Coccus
Movement of bacterium towards a chemical attractant and away from a repellents
Chemotaxis
70S prokaryotic ribosomes consist of
50S & 30S subunit
Specialized bacterial organelle responsible for the ability of bacteria to neutralize the effects of certain antibiotics
Plasmid-small circular DNA
Capsules and slime layers are used for growth
False
They can prevent desiccation of bacterial cells
They consist of secreted material external to the bacterial cell wall
They help bacteria resist phagocytosis by macrophages
A bacterium with a single flagellum at each end
Amphitrichous
Mitochondrion is the site of
Energy production
Ability of microorganism to cause a disease
Pathogenecity
Pathogenesis-step by step in development of disease
Virulence-degree of pathogenecity
Cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan
True
Gram positive cells have multiple layers of peptidoglycan that help retain the crystal violet
False
Cellular structure important in classifying bacterial species as gram positive or gram negative
Cell wall
Endospores are dormant,resistant cells
True
Long filamentous,whip-like appendages on the bacterial cell used for locomotion
Flagella
Virulence factor of bacteria which inhibit phagocytosis
Capsule
Poly-D-glutamic acid is a capsular component of
Bacillus anthracis-causative agent of anthrax
Process od endospore formation
Sporulation
Unique component of bacterial endospore which serves as protection from environmental damage
Calcium Dipicolinate
Found in the cell walls of gram positive but not in gram negative
Teichoic acid
Lipopolysaccharide- gram neg.
Peptidoglycan & cytoplasmic membrane- gram neg.&pos.
Which is correct
A. E.coli with crystal violet followed by tx of acetone
B. Chlamydia with gram stain
C. Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF with Ziehl-Neelsen stain
D. Fungi with KOH
D
Which is/are differential stains?
Gram stain
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Schaefer-Fulton stain
Gram abd Ziehl-Neelsen
Primary stain in Gam staining
Crystal violet
2-iodine; mordant
3-ethanol; decolorize
4-safranin; counter stain
Which one is not a gram positive? A. E.coli B. Staph.aureus C. Strep.pyogenes D. Bacillus antracis
A
Inner cytoplasmic membrane,thin peptidoglycan layer, and outer cytoplasmic membrane with LPs can be found in
Gram negative cells
Used to visualize capsules
India ink stain
Quellung reaction
Glycocalyx that is loosely attached to bacterial cell
Slime layer
Capsules-firmly attached
In flagella stain, this dye is used to make flagella more visible in light microscope
Tannic acid
At the end of acid-fast staining procedure, non-acid fast bacilli will appear:
Blue
Red-acid fast
In this staining procedure, heat is used to drive malachite green into the bacterial endospore:
Schaeffer-Fulton
Koch’s bacillus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Use of agar was suggested by?
Frannie hess
Discovered the phenomenon of phagocytosis
Elie metchnikoff
Ribosomes od Candida albicans are referred to as
80S
Rod-shaped bacilli that are curved to form commas
Vibrios
Process by which bacterial endospore return to its vegetative state
Sporulation
MO that live on dead or decaying organic matter
Saprophytes
Responsible for attachment of donor and recipient cells during conjugation
Pili
Condensed,well-defined,polysaccharide layer closely surrounding the cell
Capsule
Endotoxin of gram negative bacteria
Lipid A
Treponema pallidum,causative agent of syphilis, cannot be visualized using light microscopy because:
It has diameter of <0.2 um
In fluorescence microscopy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be detected by
Auramine O
Which of the following cell structures is not part of a bacterial cell envelope? A. Peptidoglycan B. Gas vacuole C. Lipopolysaccharide D. Teichoic acids
B
Dye used is negative staining
Safranin
Introduced fermentation,aerobic,anaerobic
Louis Pasteur
Acid fast rod against a blue Ziehl-Neelsen stained smear indicates presence of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
All of the following are true regarding agar except A. Liquefies at 100•C B. Polysaccharide derived from red algae C. Solidifies at approximately 40•C D. Metabolized by many bacteria
D
Organisms that can manufacture their own food using light as energy source
Phototrophs
Process involves the anaerobic decomposition of proteins by bacterial enzymes
Putrefaction
Grow best at 0-20•C
Psychrophiles
Halophiles- high salt conc
Thermophiles- 50-60
Capnophiles- with CO2
Organism has an optimal growth rate when the hydrogen ion concentration is very high
Acidophile
Organism that utilizes oxygen when present or grows without oxygen if absent
Facultative anaerobe
Organism that is killed by oxygen
Obligate anaerobe
