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Microbiology,Parasitology,Public health > 1 > Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Scientist first hypothesized that medical personnel can infect patients with pathogens

A

Semmelweis

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1
Q

Scientist who first described MOs such as bacteria

A

Leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

Who first promulgated the theory of abiogenesis?

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

Leeuwenhoek described MOs as?

A

Animalcules

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4
Q

He developed smallpox inmunization

A

Edward Jenner

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5
Q

Use of magic bullet-cpd.target only Mo causing the disease no harm to the host

A

Paul Ehrlich

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6
Q

Father of Aseptic Surgery

A

Joseph Lister

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7
Q

Favored the theory of spontaneous generation

A

John Needham

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8
Q

Bacteria is a eukaryotic

A

False

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9
Q

Describe a spherical bactrium

A

Coccus

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10
Q

Movement of bacterium towards a chemical attractant and away from a repellents

A

Chemotaxis

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11
Q

70S prokaryotic ribosomes consist of

A

50S & 30S subunit

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12
Q

Specialized bacterial organelle responsible for the ability of bacteria to neutralize the effects of certain antibiotics

A

Plasmid-small circular DNA

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13
Q

Capsules and slime layers are used for growth

A

False
They can prevent desiccation of bacterial cells
They consist of secreted material external to the bacterial cell wall
They help bacteria resist phagocytosis by macrophages

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14
Q

A bacterium with a single flagellum at each end

A

Amphitrichous

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15
Q

Mitochondrion is the site of

A

Energy production

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16
Q

Ability of microorganism to cause a disease

A

Pathogenecity

Pathogenesis-step by step in development of disease
Virulence-degree of pathogenecity

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17
Q

Cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan

A

True

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18
Q

Gram positive cells have multiple layers of peptidoglycan that help retain the crystal violet

A

False

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19
Q

Cellular structure important in classifying bacterial species as gram positive or gram negative

A

Cell wall

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20
Q

Endospores are dormant,resistant cells

A

True

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21
Q

Long filamentous,whip-like appendages on the bacterial cell used for locomotion

A

Flagella

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22
Q

Virulence factor of bacteria which inhibit phagocytosis

A

Capsule

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23
Q

Poly-D-glutamic acid is a capsular component of

A

Bacillus anthracis-causative agent of anthrax

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24
Q

Process od endospore formation

A

Sporulation

25
Q

Unique component of bacterial endospore which serves as protection from environmental damage

A

Calcium Dipicolinate

26
Q

Found in the cell walls of gram positive but not in gram negative

A

Teichoic acid

Lipopolysaccharide- gram neg.
Peptidoglycan & cytoplasmic membrane- gram neg.&pos.

27
Q

Which is correct
A. E.coli with crystal violet followed by tx of acetone
B. Chlamydia with gram stain
C. Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF with Ziehl-Neelsen stain
D. Fungi with KOH

A

D

28
Q

Which is/are differential stains?
Gram stain
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Schaefer-Fulton stain

A

Gram abd Ziehl-Neelsen

29
Q

Primary stain in Gam staining

A

Crystal violet
2-iodine; mordant
3-ethanol; decolorize
4-safranin; counter stain

30
Q 
Which one is not a gram positive?
A. E.coli
B. Staph.aureus
C. Strep.pyogenes
D. Bacillus antracis
A

A

31
Q

Inner cytoplasmic membrane,thin peptidoglycan layer, and outer cytoplasmic membrane with LPs can be found in

A

Gram negative cells

32
Q

Used to visualize capsules

A

India ink stain

Quellung reaction

33
Q

Glycocalyx that is loosely attached to bacterial cell

A

Slime layer

Capsules-firmly attached

34
Q

In flagella stain, this dye is used to make flagella more visible in light microscope

A

Tannic acid

35
Q

At the end of acid-fast staining procedure, non-acid fast bacilli will appear:

A

Blue

Red-acid fast

36
Q

In this staining procedure, heat is used to drive malachite green into the bacterial endospore:

A

Schaeffer-Fulton

37
Q

Koch’s bacillus

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

38
Q

Use of agar was suggested by?

A

Frannie hess

39
Q

Discovered the phenomenon of phagocytosis

A

Elie metchnikoff

40
Q

Ribosomes od Candida albicans are referred to as

A

80S

41
Q

Rod-shaped bacilli that are curved to form commas

A

Vibrios

42
Q

Process by which bacterial endospore return to its vegetative state

A

Sporulation

43
Q

MO that live on dead or decaying organic matter

A

Saprophytes

44
Q

Responsible for attachment of donor and recipient cells during conjugation

A

Pili

45
Q

Condensed,well-defined,polysaccharide layer closely surrounding the cell

A

Capsule

46
Q

Endotoxin of gram negative bacteria

A

Lipid A

47
Q

Treponema pallidum,causative agent of syphilis, cannot be visualized using light microscopy because:

A

It has diameter of <0.2 um

48
Q

In fluorescence microscopy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be detected by

A

Auramine O

49
Q 
Which of the following cell structures is not part of a bacterial cell envelope?
A. Peptidoglycan
B. Gas vacuole
C. Lipopolysaccharide
D. Teichoic acids
A

B

50
Q

Dye used is negative staining

A

Safranin

51
Q

Introduced fermentation,aerobic,anaerobic

A

Louis Pasteur

52
Q

Acid fast rod against a blue Ziehl-Neelsen stained smear indicates presence of

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

53
Q 
All of the following are true regarding agar except
A. Liquefies at 100•C
B. Polysaccharide derived from red algae
C. Solidifies at approximately 40•C
D. Metabolized by many bacteria
A

D

54
Q

Organisms that can manufacture their own food using light as energy source

A

Phototrophs

55
Q

Process involves the anaerobic decomposition of proteins by bacterial enzymes

A

Putrefaction

56
Q

Grow best at 0-20•C

A

Psychrophiles

Halophiles- high salt conc
Thermophiles- 50-60
Capnophiles- with CO2

57
Q

Organism has an optimal growth rate when the hydrogen ion concentration is very high

A

Acidophile

58
Q

Organism that utilizes oxygen when present or grows without oxygen if absent

A

Facultative anaerobe

59
Q

Organism that is killed by oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobe

Microbiology,Parasitology,Public health (5 decks)

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