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OP2202 > 1&2. Introduction and How To Anterior Eye > Flashcards

1&2. Introduction and How To Anterior Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Describe sclera lenses

A

Large diameter lenses covering cornea and sclera

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2
Q

Sclera lenses have a hole in them describe its purpose and what is that hole called?

A

Fenestration hole: Allow fresh tears to circulate and movement of oxygen into the lens.

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3
Q

Describe RGPs (Rigid gas permeable lenses)

A

This are small diameter lenses that fit within the limbus

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4
Q

The surface of RGPs is hard describe the benefit of this

A

Tears are hence formed under the lens, Improving Visual acuity

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5
Q

Describe the structure of soft (hydrogel) lenses

A

Large diameter lenses that cover the cornea and limbus

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6
Q

What are hybrid lenses

A

Combination of CL with the central RGP design and soft (hydrogel) peripheral skirt

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7
Q

Application of contact lenses (6)

A
  1. Cosmetic
  2. Correcting irregular corneas (keratoconus)
  3. Therapeutic (bandage lens)
  4. Myopia management
  5. Orthokeratology
  6. Aphakia
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8
Q

What baseline data is required for fitting contact lenses?

A
  1. History and symptoms
  2. Spectacle prescription
  3. Keratometry
  4. Baseline measurements (HVID, VPA, pupil sizes)
  5. Anterior eye examinations
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9
Q

Why check the health of the anterior eye? (3)

A
  1. Opportunity to check the eye health.
  2. Assess the suitability for contact lenses.
  3. Record the baseline values before contact lens fitting.
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10
Q

Why are grading scales used? (3)

A
  1. Helps objectively decide the level of normality or severity (Improving accuracy and consistency of record keeping).
  2. Record baseline values for new lens fit.
  3. Monitor progression of ocular complications.
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11
Q

The most popular grading scale?

A

Efron grading scale

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12
Q

Beginning step of slit lamp (4)

A
  1. Cleaning chin and forehead rest in advance
  2. Set PD and focus eye pieces
  3. Check to ensure instruments are coupled
  4. Heights should be aligned
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13
Q

Example of direction illumination

A

Optical Section

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14
Q

Example of indirect illumination

A

Retro illumination

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15
Q

What is the systematic order of an eye exam?

A
  1. Tear film assessment
  2. Lids and lashes
  3. Conjunctiva and sclera
  4. Limbus
  5. Cornea
  6. Fluorescein insertion
  7. Lid eversion
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16
Q

What slit lamp settings used to observe the tear film?

A

16 times magnification and thin beam used (Optical section)

17
Q

What is observed when looking at the tear film?

A

Debris

18
Q

Why is the tear film looked at first?

A

Since it is sensitive and can cause changes to the final observation

19
Q

Illumination in the slit lamp is controlled by?

A

Rheostat

20
Q

What rheostat is used for observing the tear film?

A

Medium- high

21
Q

What beam and mag used to observe lids and lashes? What illumination? What rheostat?

A

6x-10x
Wide beam with diffuser
Direct or indirect illumination
Low- med rheostat

22
Q

What is being observed when examining lids and lashes?

A

Lid regularity, redness, lumps and bumps, presence of any glands, eyelash position, eyelash appearance.

23
Q

Mag, beam and brightness used to examine the sclera and conjunctiva? What type of illumination is used?

A

x6-10
widish beam
direct or indirect illumination
low-med rheostat

24
Q

What is being observed when looking at the conjunctiva and sclera?

A

Presence of any vessels, lumps, bumps, scleral vessels and redness

25
Q

What mag, beam and rheostat used to observe the limbus?

A

x10-16
med-narrow beam width
medium rheostat

26
Q

What is recorded when observing the limbus?

A

Limbal redness, Neovascularization measured in mm. Extent measured in mm using green filter

27
Q

How are sclera lens designed for individuals?

A

Using ocular impressions

28
Q

Are large diameter RGPs available?

A

Yes, also called as mini-sclerals.

29
Q

How are contact lenses useful in correcting irregular cornea’s?

A
  1. Keratoconus
  2. Corneal scarring from lacerations
30
Q

How can contact lenses be used as bandage lenses for therapeutic purposes?

A

This lenses reduce irritation when blinking incase a person has stiches

31
Q

How much of grade change is consider to be clinically significant? - Efron grading scale

A

Change greater then 1 grade (From 1 to 3 within 2 visits)

32
Q

What settings are used to observe the corena?

A

Med- high mag
Thin beam: parallelpiped (direct, indircet, retro- illumination)
Optical section used to determine depth
Med- high rheostat

33
Q

In which 2 structures are all limbal zones scanned?

A

Cornea and Conjunctiva: px is instructed to change fixation.

34
Q

What is looked for when scanning the cornea?

A
  1. Corneal abnormalities
  2. Scars, ulcers and infiltrates
  3. Corneal thickness
35
Q

Describe the use of fluorescein? (2)

A
  1. Stain damage epithelial cells
  2. Allow visualization of the transparent tear film
36
Q

Why is the lid everted?

A

To expose palpebral conjunctiva, The redness and roughness is graded.

37
Q

What mag, beam and brightness used in lid eversion?

A

10-16X mag
Medium rheostat beam
Parallelepiped

OP2202 (16 decks)

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