Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal Medi > 1-2 > Flashcards

1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

The kidney serves to eliminate what waste products?

A

Urea
Cr
Uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kidney failure is characterized by a GFR of ____. It is stage ___ of CKD.

A

<15

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CKD is defined as either of the following:

A
  1. Kidney damage for at least 3 months (with or without decreased GFR)
  2. GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m^2 for at least 3 months (with or without kidney damage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. What is uremia?
  2. When will you see symptoms?
  3. What are the symptoms?
A
  1. Retention of nitrogenous waste products
  2. When GFR<15 mg/min
  3. Confusion, encephalopathy, dizziness, nausea, vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exogenous filtration markers:

A

Inulin
Iothalamate
EDTA
Iohexal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endogenous filtration markers:

A

Creatinine

Cystatin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Creatinine overestimates GFR by about ____.

2. What inhibits creatinine secretion? (Without affecting GFR)

A
  1. 10-40%

2. Trimethoprim and cimetidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Generation of creatinine is higher in:

A 
Men
Young
Black
Muscular
Those who eat cooked meat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Extra-renal excretion of Cr is ___ in pts with CKD

A

Higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Factors that increase serum Cr:

A 
Kidney disease
Cooked meat
Trimethoprim
cimetidine
Flucytosine
Some cephalosporins 
Ketoacidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Factors that decrease serum Cr:

A

Reduced muscle mass

Malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Crockcroft-Gault equation is used to estimate ___. What is it?

A

Cr Clearance

CCr= ((140-age)•lean body weight)/ Cr•72

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Creatinine production ____ with age and ____ with increasing body mass.

A

Decreased

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the MDRD account for that the Crockcroft-Gault equation does not?

A

Body surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the MDRD equation, GFR is measured by ___

A

Urinary Clearance of 125I-Iothalamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Both the MDRD and the Crockcroft-Gault equations are less accurate in ____ but fairly accurate ___. Both overestimate in ____ populations.

A
  1. Obese patients
  2. Across age ranges (CG overestimates a little in both younger and older)
  3. Asian
17
Q

How is BUN related to GFR? Is it more or less accurate than Cr? Why?

A

Inversely
Less
Urea production is less constant.

18
Q

About ___% of filtered urea is passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

A

50

19
Q

Urea production is increased with ___

And decreased with ___

A

I: high protein diet, corticosteroids, hemorrhage, trauma, and tissue breakdown
D: liver disease and low protein diet

20
Q

Cystatin C has a low molecular weight (13 KD) and is freely filter by the kidneys. It is then reabsorbed and catabolized by ____. Very little is excreted in the urine, so it cannot be measured for urinary clearance.

A

Tubular epithelial cells

21
Q

___ is the most common protein found in proteinuria. Normal excretion is about ____

A

Albumin

10mg/day

22
Q

Normal total protein excretion is __.

____ samples are best

A

Less than 50 mg/day

First morning

23
Q

___ is recommended for pts with, or at risk for CKD.

A

Urine sediment

24
Q

Stage 1 CKD

A

Kidney damage
Normal or increased GFR >90
Treat coexisting conditions
Slow progression

25
Q

Stage 2 CKD

A

Kidney damage

Mild decrease in GFR 60-89

26
Q

Stage 3 CKD

A

Moderate decrease in GFR 30-59

27
Q

Stage 4 CKD

A

Severe decrease in GFR 15-29
Refer to nephrologist
Consider replacement therapy

28
Q

Normal total protein with:

  1. 24 hour urine collection
  2. Spot dipstick
  3. Spot urine protein:Cr ratio
A
  1. <300 mg/day
  2. <30 mg/day
  3. <200 mg/g

*albuminuria or clinical proteinuria is anything above these values

29
Q
  1. FeNa >1%
    U osmolality <360 mOsmol
  2. FeNa <1%
    U osmolality >500 mOsmol
A
  1. Acute tubular necrosis

2. Prerenal azotemia

30
Q

What is the most important determinant of ECF?

A

Na

31
Q

___% of total body weight is water (___L)
2/3 is ____
1/3 is ____

A

60% (42L)
2/3 is ICF (25L)
1/3 is ECF (17L - 12 interstitial, 5 plasma)

32
Q

From where is ANP released?

A

Cardiac atrial receptors

33
Q

If plasma osmolarity is increased and plasma volume is decreased what happens?

A

ADH is released, Ang II causes fluid consumption increases

Renal Medi (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions