1-2

Question 1

What does ADN stand for?

Answer 1

Acide désoxyribonucléique

Question 2

What’s the shape of chromosomes?

Answer 2

x shape

Question 3

How many different chomosomes are there?

Answer 3

46 total, 23 pairs

Question 4

How many chromatides are there?

Answer 4

92

Question 5

Chromasome pairs are classified by what other than genetic material?

Answer 5

taille

Question 6

Why are most chromatide pairs “the same?”

Answer 6

Because all chromatides (other than sexual ones) have the same genetic material (one from mother, one from father) and are even roughly the same size.

Question 7

What’s the difference between genetic chromosomes and most others?

Answer 7

Others have the exact same genetic material (ADN), while the two genetic chromatides have different genetic material.

Question 8

Where are the two chromatides connected together to form a chomosome?

Answer 8

The centromère

Question 9

Why are chromosomes in paires?

Answer 9

One is from the mom and one is from the dad, and they kinda merged together to be the same but also seperate.

Question 10

Caryotype

Answer 10

A list of the appearance of all the chromosomes of a species, including their sizes, numbers, and shapes.

Obviously differs from species to species.

Question 11

What is the # of chromosomes in a species based off of?

Answer 11

Nothing at all.

Question 12

Breifly describe the chemical structure of a nucléotide.

Answer 12

Sugar on the outside, connected to phosphate, which is connected to the base azoté.

Question 13

What is a nucléotide?

Answer 13

Half of a ‘rung’ of the ladder of ADN

Question 14

A,T,C,G are all examples of a base _____

Answer 14

base azoté

Question 15

When are chromosomes present in a cell?

Answer 15

When it is preparing to duplicate.

Question 16

A only connects to

Answer 16

T

Question 17

C only connects to

Answer 17

G

Question 18

T only connects to

Answer 18

A

Question 19

G only connects to

Answer 19

C

Question 20

Where are chromosomes present in procaryotes?

Answer 20

The cytoplasme.

Question 21

Breifly describe how genes are chosen from a strand of DNA

Answer 21

Take half of a DNA, make groups of 3 letters (codon), make sentences from those groups.

Question 22

What are genes for?

Answer 22

They get copyed as RNAm to get decoded in ribosomes.

Question 23

What are codons and what are their purpose?

Answer 23

They are 3 letter words pulled from one half of the ADN and are each assigned one animo acid.

Ribosomes decode these codons one by one and link the proper animo acid in a polypetide chain.

Question 24

How many acides animés are there that codons are assigned to?

Answer 24

20.

Question 25

How many codons in total?

Answer 25

64!

Question 26

How is ARNm made?

Answer 26

Enzymes TRANSCRIBE or COPY a gene into a strand of RNAm.

Question 27

What is Thymine repalced with in RNA?

Answer 27

Uracil.

Question 28

What helps the ribosome make a chaine polypeptidique?

Answer 28

Transfer RNA. (RNAt)

Question 29

How does transfer RNA work?

Answer 29

They have base azoté in their stucture that link up with the base azoté in the RNA in the ribosome. This checks if it is a specific codon. The RNAt then expells an animo acid which links up into the chaine polypeptidique.

Question 30

What is a stop codon?

Answer 30

It stops the ribosome (or tRNAs) decoding the RNA and lets the polypeptidique chain go.

Question 31

A list of the appearance of all the chromosomes of a species, including their sizes, numbers, and shapes.

Answer 31

Caryotype