1 Flashcards
1
Q
The study of human conduct; how a person acts; includes studying activities to find patterns & rules about social behavior. (Delizo, 2013)
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Human Behavior
2
Q
The totality of actions, attitudes, thoughts, & mental states of a person or group; the science of the mind of humans & animal behavior. (Delizo, 2013)
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Psychology
3
Q
Individual Differences
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- No two people are alike.
- Men differ from women.
- People differ from day-to-day.
activitiess
4
Q
Nature of Differences
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- Physical
- Ability
- Personality
- Intelligence
5
Q
Human behavior is modern sense of breath/sign of life.
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Homer
6
Q
Rational and Irrational part
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Plato and Socrates
7
Q
capable of unraveling the meaning of life and understand ideal form.
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Rational
7
Q
participates in imperfect form, lack of reasoning; and mostly deal with emotion
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irrational
8
Q
Human behavior = principle of life (distinguishes living from non-living).
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Aristotle
9
Q
five elements of human behavior
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- vegetative power
- sensitive power
- Estimate power
- common sense
- will and interest
10
Q
physical capabilities including acts of consuming foods.
A
vegetative power
11
Q
ability to feel , understand, and respond to stimuli
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Sensitive power
12
Q
use of memory and imaginative power
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Estimate power
13
Q
qualities or sound practical judgement
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common sense
14
Q
desire and ability to freely choose and do something
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will and interest
15
Q
Causation of behavior
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- sensation
- perception
- awareness
16
Q
the feeling of stimulus
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sensation
17
Q
knowledge of stimulus
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perception
18
Q
the interpretation and experience of objects
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awareness
19
Q
types of sensation
A
- Visual - man’s sense of sight.
- Olfactory- sense of smelling.
- Cutaneous-sense of touch or feeling.
- Auditory- sense of hearing
- Gustatory - sense of taste.
20
Q
classification of human behavior
A
- habitual
- instinctive
- symbolic
- complex
21
Q
causation of behavior
A
- sensation
- perception
- awareness
22
Q
the feeling or stimulus
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sensation
23
Q
knowledge of stimulus
A
perception
24
the interpretation and experience of objects
Awareness
25
refers to demeanors which are resorted to in a regular basis.
Habitual
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human conduct which is unlearned and inherent, said to be present at birth of a person.
Instinctive
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human conduct in response to stimuli undertaken by means of substitution.
Symbolic
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refers to two or more habitual behavior which occurs in one situation.
Complex
29
-This refers to the genetic influences, those that are explained by heredity
- the characteristics of a person acquired from birth transferred from one generation to another.
-It explains that certain emotional aggression, our intelligence, ability and potentials and our physical appearance are inherited.
-It is the primary basis of the idea concerning criminal behavior, the concept that "criminals are born".
-It also considers the influences of genetic defects and faulty genes, diseases, endocrine imbalances, malnutrition and other physical deprivations that can be carried out from one generation to another.
Heredity ( Biological Factors)
30
- It is a basic consideration because it is in the family whereby an individual first experiences how to relate and interact with another.
- The family is said to be the cradle of personality development as a result of either a close or harmonious relationship or a pathogenic family structure: the disturbed family, broken family, separated or maladjusted relations.
Environmental Factors (Socio-Cultural Influences)
Family Background
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those families associated with high frequency of problems
Pathogenic Family Structure
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characterized by the inability to cope with the ordinary problems of family living. It lacks the resources, physical or psychological, for meeting the demands of family satisfaction
The inadequate family
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those that espouses unacceptable values as a result of the influence of parents to their children.
The anti-social family
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characterized by non-satisfaction of one or both parent from the relationship that may express feeling of frustration. This is usually due to value differences as common sources of conflict and dissatisfaction.
The discordant/disturbed family
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characterized by incompleteness whether as a result of death, divorce, separation or some other circumstances.
The disrupted family
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>The experiences, which affect the feeling of security of a child undergoing developmental processes.
> The development processes are being blocked sometimes by parental deprivation as a consequence of parents or lack of adequate maturing at home because of parental rejection, overprotection, restrictiveness, over permissiveness, and faulty discipline.
Childhood Trauma
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biological requirement for wellbeing (drive reduction theory).
Need
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psychological arousal prompting action to fulfill need.
Drive:
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an aroused state resulting from biological needs.
Drive
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the arouse condition
motivates the person to remedy the need
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refers to the influence that govern the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior (berntein, et al, 1991)
motivation
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refers to the causes and why's of behavior as required by a need
motivation
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is the hypothetical concept that stands for the underlying force impelling behavior and giving it is direction
motivation
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are states of comfortable tension that spur activity until the goal is reached.
drives
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are covered in the world of psychology, for they energize behavior and give direction to man's action
drives and motivation
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biological needs
1. food
2. water
3. sex
4. pain avoidance
3. stimulus seeking
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1. food
2. water
3. sex
4. pain avoidance
3. stimulus seeking
biology need
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the body needs adequate supply of nutrients to function effectively. " An empty stomach sometimes drives a person to steal."
hunger
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thirst - just like food, the body needs water
Water
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- a powerful motivator unlike food and water
- is not vital for survival but essential to the survival of species
sex
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- the need to avoid tissue damage is essential to the survival of the organism.
- pain will activate behavior to reduce discomfort
pain avoidance
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curiosity is most people and animal is motivated to explore the environment even when the activity satisfies no bodily needs
stimulus seeking
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- are influenced primarily by the kind of society in which individual is raised
- psychological motives are those related to the individual happiness and well-being, but not for the survival, unlike the biological motives that focuses on basic needs-- the primary motives.
Psychological Needs
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- he suggested that human needs form a hierarchy from the most basic biological requirements to the needs for self-actualization
- the highest of all needs the pyramidal presentation shows that from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy, the levels of needs or motive according to _________
Abraham maslow
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hierarchy of needs to self-actualization
1. Biological or physiological needs
2. safety needs
3. love/belongingness
4. cognitive needs
5. esteem needs
6. Aesthetic needs
7. self-actualization
55
these motives include the need for food, water, oxygen, activity, and sleep
Biological or Physiological needs
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these pertains to the motives of being cared for and being secured such as in income and place to live.
safety needs
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- is integration into various kinds of social groups or social organization.
- needs means need for affection
belongingness/love
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- needs means need for affection
love
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- is integration into various kinds of social groups or social organization.
belongingness
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our motivaiton for learning and exploration
cognitive needs
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our motivation for an honest, fundamental respect for a person as a useful and honorable human being
Esteem needs
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our motivation for beauty and order
Aesthetic needs
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pertains to human total satisfaction, when people are motivated not so much by unmet needs, as by the desire to become all they are capable of ( self-realization)
Self-actualization
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Refers to the unpleasant feelings that result from the blocking of motive satisfaction.
Frustration
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it is form of stress, which results in tension.
Frustration
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it is a feeling that is experienced when something interferes with our hope, wishes, plan and expectations
frustration
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refers to the simultaneous arousal of two or more incompatible motives resulting to unpleasant emotions.
Conflict
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it is a source of frustration because it is a threat to normal behavior
Conflict
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types of conflict
1. Double Approach Conflict
2. Double Avoidance Conflict
3. Approach - Avoidance Conflict
4. Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict
70
A person is motivated to engage in two desirable activities that cannot be pursued simultaneously.
Double Approach Conflict
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- a person faces two undesirable situations in which the avoidance of one is the exposure to the other resulting to an intense emotion.
- Generates many intense emotion.
- we can all thick of things we do not want to do but must do or face even less desirable alternatives.
Double Avoidance Conflict
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- A person faces situation having both a desirable and undesirable features.
- it is sometimes called "dilemma", because some negative and some positive features must be accepted regardless which course of action is chosen
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
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- A situation in which a choice must be made between two or more alternatives each has both positive and negative features.
- it is the most difficult to resolve because the features of each portion are often difficult to compare
Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict
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- The defense mechanisms are the unconscious techniques used to prevent a person's self-image from being damage
The Ego Defense Mechanism
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- when stress becomes quite strong, an individual strives to protect his self esteem, avoiding defeat
The Ego Defense Mechanism
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- We all use ____________to protect us from anxiety and maintain our feeling of personal worth
The Ego Defense Mechanism
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- We consider them normal adjusted reactions when they are used to excess and threaten self-integrity.
The Ego Defense Mechanism
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- Denial is one of the most common defense mechanisms. It occurs when you refuse to accept reality or facts. You block external events or circumstances from your mind so that you don't have to deal with the emotional impact. In other words, you avoid the painful feelings or events.
- This defense mechanism is one of the most widely known, too. The phrase, "They're in denial" is commonly understood to mean a person is avoiding reality despite what may be obvious to people around them.
Denial
79
- Unsavory thoughts, painful memories, or irrational beliefs can upset you. Instead of facing them, you may unconsciously choose to hide them in hopes of forgetting about them entirely.
- That does not mean, however, that the memories disappear entirely. They may influence behaviors, and they may impact future relationships. You just may not realize the impact this defense mechanism is having.
Repression
80
- Some thoughts or feelings you have about another person may make you uncomfortable. If you project those feelings, you're misattributing them to the other person.
- For example, you may dislike your new co-worker, but instead of accepting that, you choose to tell yourself that they dislike you. You see in their actions the things you wish you could do or say.
Projection
81
- Definition: Directing strong emotions and frustrations toward a non-threatening person or object.
- Purpose: Satisfies the impulse to react without facing significant consequences.
- Example: Getting angry at your child or spouse after a bad day at work, instead of confronting your boss.
Displacement
82
- Definition: Unconsciously returning to an earlier stage of development when feeling threatened or anxious.
- Common in: Young children, especially after trauma or loss.
- Behaviors: Bedwetting, thumb-sucking.
- Adults can also regress:
- Examples: Sleeping with a stuffed animal, overeating comfort foods, chain smoking, or avoiding daily activities.
Regression
83
- Definition: Explaining undesirable behaviors with personal "facts" to feel comfortable with choices.
- Example: Being angry at co-workers for lateness while ignoring your own tardiness.
Rationalization
84
- Definition: A positive defense mechanism where strong emotions are redirected into appropriate activities.
- Examples: Channeling frustration into kickboxing or exercise.
- Redirecting feelings into music, art, or sports
Sublimation
85
- Definition: Recognizing feelings but behaving in the opposite manner of instincts.
- Purpose: To mask true feelings by acting contrary to them
- A person who reacts this way, for example, may feel they should not express negative emotions, such as anger or frustration, They choose to instead react in an overly positive way.
Reaction Formation
86
Separating your life into independent sectors may feel like a way to protect many elements of it.
Examples: when you choose to not discuss personal life issues at work, you block off, or compartmentalize, that element of your life. This allows you to carry on without facing the anxieties or challenges while you're in that setting or mindset.
Compartmentalization
87
- When you're hit with a trying situation, you may choose to remove all emotion from your responses and instead focus on quantitative facts.
- You may see this strategy in use when a person who is let go from a job choose to spend their days creating spreadsheets of job opportunities and leads.
Intellectualization
