1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mutation?

A

Modification de la séquence d’ADN pouvant affecter le phénotype.

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2
Q

What are spontaneous mutations?

A

Mutations causées par des erreurs pendant la réplication.

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3
Q

What are induced mutations?

A

Mutations causées par des agents mutagènes.

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4
Q

What is a point mutation?

A

Erreur pendant la réplication (ex. substitution, ajout, ou suppression d’un nucléotide).

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5
Q

What is the result of spontaneous nucleotide degradation?

A

Ex. C → T ou U.

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6
Q

What are intercalating agents?

A

Substances qui altèrent la réplication (ex. acridine, benzène).

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7
Q

What types of radiation can induce mutations?

A

UV, rayons X, gamma (formation de dimères de thymine).

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8
Q

What is a substitution mutation?

A

Remplacement d’un nucléotide.

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9
Q

What is a silent mutation?

A

Pas d’effet sur la protéine.

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10
Q

What is a missense mutation?

A

Modification d’un acide aminé.

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11
Q

What is a nonsense mutation?

A

Apparition d’un codon STOP.

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12
Q

What is a deletion mutation?

A

Perte de nucléotides.

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13
Q

What is an addition mutation?

A

Ajout de nucléotides.

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14
Q

What are chromosomal mutations?

A

Modifications au niveau des chromosomes.

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15
Q

What is a chromosomal deletion?

A

Perte d’un fragment de chromosome.

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16
Q

What is a chromosomal duplication?

A

Multiplication d’un fragment.