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Pharmacology > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

TERATOWA

A

thalidomide
epilectic drug
retinol
ace inhibitors
third element
oral contraceptive
warfarin
alcohol

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2
Q

According to law, drugs that have a significant potential for abuse are placed into five categories called

A

schedules

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3
Q

not approved for medical use and have high abuse potentials; LSD, heroin, peyote, ecstasy (3,4 methyenedioxy-methamphetamine). highest potential abuse

A

schedule 1

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4
Q

used medically. High abuse potential (methadone, meperidine, cocaine, pentobarbital, Tylox)
-S2

A

Schedule II

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5
Q

less potential for abuse than I and ll but may lead to psychological or physical dependence (Vicodin, Tylenol with codeine)

A

Schedule III

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6
Q

drugs have some potential for abuse (Valium, Dalmane, Klonopin)

A

schedule IV

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7
Q

contain moderate amounts of controlled substances. An example is
Lomotil (atropine and
diphenoxylate)

A

schedule V

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8
Q

substance that has the potential to cause a defect in an unborn child during pregnancy.

A

teratogen

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9
Q

studies in pregnant women failed to show risk to the fetus

A

Category A

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10
Q

animal studies have failed to show a risk to the fetus but there are no adequate studies in women

A

Category B

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11
Q

animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, no adequate human studies, benefits may outweigh risks

A

Category C

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12
Q

positive evidence of human fetal risk

A

Category D

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13
Q

animal or human studies have shown fetal abnormalities or toxicity

A

Category X

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14
Q

General principles of accurate drug administration

A
  1. right drug
  2. right patient
    3.right dose
    4.right time
  3. right documentation
    6.right route
  4. right history and assessment
  5. right to refuse
    9.right evaluation
  6. right education
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15
Q

sites of injections sub q

A

subcutaneous: abdomen, thighs, back and upper arms

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16
Q

sites of injections IM

A

IM- deltoid, dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal and vastus lateralis muscles

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17
Q

sites of injection IV

A

antecubital, hands, arms, external jugular

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18
Q

other site of injection

A

Others: intradermal,
intra-articular, - joints
intra-arterial - artery
intrathecal- spine

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19
Q

Variables that affect drugs

A

dosage
route
drug diet
drug drug interaction
placebo response
antidote
body weight
age
pregnancy
gender hormonal effect
pathologic condition

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20
Q

general management toxicology drug overdose

A

cardio pulmonary resuscitation
endotracheal tubing
intravenous
check blood sugar
liver test-
(serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase)
(serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)
kidney test- creatinine
antidotes

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21
Q

routes of administration

A

oral
via gastro intestinal tube( naso/orogastric)
rectal
vaginal
opthalmic
otic
nasal
topical
parenteral- IM,IV,SQ,ST

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22
Q

Drug sources

A

plants
humans and animals
synthetic and chemical substance
minerals

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23
Q

role in nursing care

A

PREVENTION
- First level
- Health impact of environment
- Health aspects of social, medicinal and illegal drug abuse
2. EARLY DETECTION OF DISRUPTION IN A HEALTHY CLIENT
- Second level
- Case finding and referral
- Seeks evidence of habituation, toxicity addiction and untoward side effects
3. CARE NEEDED FOR CLIENTS WITH ACUTE HEALTH NEEDS
- Third level
- Institutional setting
- Administering drugs to acutely ill patients
4. REHABILITATION AND RESUMPTION OF NORMAL LIVING
- Fourth level
- Focus • education and assistance
- Long term use of drugs necessary

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24
Q

• All medications are stocked at nursing station
• Except dangerous arugs
• Utilized in small hospitals, government hospitals

A

FLOOR STOCK

25
Q

Medications dispensed from pharmacy
Receipt prescription or drug order

A

INDIVIDUAL PRESCIPTION ORDER SYSTEM

26
Q

• Drug order sent to pharmacy
• Encode order to a computer system
• Nurse with the use of security code and password access the system

A

COMPUTER-CONTROLLED DISPENSING SYSTEM

27
Q

• Single unit packages of drugs
> Dispensed to fell each dose required
• Individual packages placed in individual labelled drawers kept in
• Refilled every 24 hours and large unit dose cabinet; 3 to 7 days in long term facilities

A

UNIT DOSE SYSTEM

28
Q

Within hospitals
> It is a standard policy that controlled substances are issued in single unit packages and are kept in separate locked cabinet in each nursing unit
•Head nurse designated individuals is responsible for the key
•When controlled substances are issued to a nursing unit

A

NARCOTIC CONTROL SYSTEM

29
Q

emergency doses
meds given asap but once only

A

STAT

30
Q

administration at a certain time only but once

A

SINGLE ORDER

31
Q

meds given for specific number of doses

A

STANDING ORDER

32
Q

as needed
allows nurse to practice judgement to when a medication should be administered

A

PRN (pro re nata)

33
Q

should be avoided
physician should co sign and date the order in 24 hours

A

VERBAL ORDERS

34
Q

practice under professional licensed

A

LEGAL AND ETHICAL

35
Q

primary source of information

A

PATIENT CHART

36
Q

Drug standard revised every 5 years
• Drugs have high standards for therapeutic use
• International __ first published in 1951

A

US PHARMACOPEIA

37
Q

• Public protected from drugs that are impure, toxic, ineffective or not tested prior to public use

A

FEDERAL LEGISLATION

38
Q

• To monitor and regulate the manufacture and marketing of drug
It is FDA’s responsibility to ensure that all drugs are jested for harmful effects have label with accurate information, an enclose with drugs packaging detailed literature that explains adverse effects

A

FOOD, DRUG AND COSMETIC ACT 1938

39
Q

FIVE PROVISIONS
• Review and use of new drugs is accelerated
• Drugs can be tested in children before marketing
• Clinical trial data are necessary for experimental drug use for serious or life-threatening health conditions
• Drug companies are required to give information on
“off-label” drugs and their uses and costs
• Drug companies that plan to discontinue drugs must inform health professionals and clients at least 6 months before stopping drug production

A

THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
MODERNIZATION ACT 1997

40
Q

• FDA is authorized to require testing of drugs and biologic products for safety and effectiveness in children by drug manufacturers
• One must not assume that children are small adults

A

PEDIATRIC RESEARCH EQUITY ACT 2003

41
Q

• Serves to provide financial assistance to seniors to purchase needed prescription medications

A

MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUG
IMPROVEMENT AND MODERNIZATION ACT 2003

42
Q

• Distinguishes between drugs that are solid with or without prescription and those that should not be refilled without new prescription

A

DURHAM-HUMPHREY AMENDMENT 1938 (1952)

43
Q

• Taken during first trimester Babies were born with extreme limb deformities

A

KEFAUVER-HARRIS AMENDMENT OF 1938 (1962)

44
Q

• Categorize substances into schedules

A

COMPREHENSIVE DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT

45
Q
  1. • Designed to remedy the escalating problem of drug abuse, included several provisions
    • Promotion of drug education and research into the prevention and treatment of drug dependence
    • Strengthening of enforcement authority
    • Establishment of treatment and rehabilitation facilities
    • Designation of schedules or categories for controlled substances according to abuse liability
A

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT

46
Q

> Shortened the time in which new drugs could be developed and marketed

A

DRUG REGULATION REFORM ACT 1978

47
Q

> The regulations were change to increase the approval rate of drugs used to treat AIDS and cancer
• Pharmaceutical companies pay a user fee at the time they file the application for the new drug

A

DRUG RELATIONS ACCT 1992

48
Q

• Ensures drugs are safe, effective and essential
• Reasonable and affordable
Components
• Quality assurance of drugs
• Rational use of drugs by health professionals and consumers
• Self reliance and self sufficiency
• Targeted drug.
procurement by government in support
for the Istof 3 pillars

A

NATIONAL DRUG POLICY 1987

49
Q

• Identifies by their scientific and internationally recognized active ingredients
ADVANTAGES
• Decreases prices
• Ensures adequate drug supply
• Promote safety
+ For scientific basis use of drugs
DISADVANTAGES
• May have some variation in action or response
• Too long and difficult to pronounce

A

GENERIC ACT OF 1988 (RA 6675)

50
Q

• Provision in which senior citizen will be given 20% discount

A

SENIOR CITIZEN ACT

51
Q

• Effective September 2008
• Lowering of drug prices thru free competition and better access to artordable brand
> Generic forms to test, produce and register generic versions of patented drugs
• Prohibits ne patent of newly discovered uses of unknown drugs

A

RA 9502- UNIVERSALLY ACCESIBLE CHEAPER AND QUALITY MEDS ACT OF 2008

52
Q

An act to promote, require and ensure the production of an adequate supply, distribution, use and acceptance of drugs and medicines identified by their generic names.
June 01-August 31, 1989- monitoring of Generic Act. Compliance.
September 01, 1989- full implementation of generic Act.

A

RA 6675

53
Q
  • all prescription contain the following info.: name of the prescriber, office address, PR#, PTR#, client name, age, sex, and date of prescription.
A

Pharmacy Act R.A. 5921

54
Q

food, drugs, and devices and cosmetics act.

A

R.A. 3720-

55
Q

Philippine medical act of 1957, define the practice of medicine in the Philippines

A

R.A. 2382-

56
Q
  • dangerous drug act of 1972, article II, sec. 4 states that sale, administration, dellvery, distribution, and transportation of prohibited drugs are punishable by law. The penalty of imprisonment ranging from 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and fine ranging from 12 thousand to 20 thousand pesos shall be imposed.
A

R.A.6425

57
Q

administration of intravenous injections, special training shall be required according to protocol of established.

A

Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 Section 28-

58
Q

Sets te standards for the privacy of individually indentifiable health information as of 2003
• Gives clients more control over their health information, including boundaries on the use and release of health records
> Limitations on access to information from the pharmacy
• Pharmacist must provide a private are for consultation with the client and have all clients sign a statement that they have received a copy of the privacy statement

A

HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT (HIPPA) 2003

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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