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Question 1

If an environment changes, what happens to organisms?

Answer 1

Migrate to a more suitable environment
Die (extinction)
Adapt/Evolve

Question 2

How do organisms evolve?

Answer 2

Enivornment puts selective pressure onto the organisms then the organisms with beneficial traits survive, and pass on these traits.

Question 3

What is an adaptation?

Answer 3

An adaptation is a heritable trait that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survive and reproduce in its environment (selective advantage).

Question 4

Variation caused by mutation is ?

Answer 4

Advantageous, it introduces new traits into a population, which increases genetic diversity

Question 5

What modifications can be made to an organisms body? (physical / structural adaptations)

Answer 5

Functional ( e.g thick fur of a bear)
Aposematism (warning of toxicity to predators through colouration)
Mimicry ( coloration to resemble a harmful /distasteful organism

Question 6

What modifications can be made to an organisms physiological? (physiological) and what are some exmaples?

Answer 6

-Internal body processes (CHEMICAL)
- Ex. Enzymes controlling bodily functions
-Ex. Pheromones to influence behaviour of other individuals

Question 7

What modifications can be made to an organisms behaviour? (behaviour) and what are some examples?

Answer 7

Change in behaviour is a response to a stimulus
Ex. Migration, Hibernation, Mating Rituals

Question 8

Whats an hypothesis?

Answer 8

An educated guess.

Question 9

What’s a theory?

Answer 9

A explanation based on a set of hypotheses that have been repeatedly verified by many scientists.

Question 10

How does speciation occur through adaptive radiation and selective pressures?

Answer 10

Speciation is the creation of new species.
Adaptive radiation occurs when a single species evolves to occupy multiple different niches.
Different selective pressures lead to different adaptations, which cause the evolution of new species.

Question 11

What theory is considered the primary mechanism for evolution?

Answer 11

Natural selection, (Individuals with desirable traits to a selective pressure, survive to reproduce and pass on their genes.)

Question 12

What is the pace of evolution:

Answer 12

Gradualism: Evolution occurs slowly and steadily over long periods of time, with small changes accumulating gradually.
Less likely for most species according to the fossil record

Punctuated Equilbrium
Evolution happens in rapid bursts, followed by long periods of stability (little or no change). This suggests that species stay the same for long periods, interrupted by quick, significant changes.

Question 13

Who created the theory of evolution by Natural Selection?

Answer 13

Charles Darwin
Evolution driven by selective pressures in the environment (those with desirable traits survive to reproduce)
Spontaneous variation within a population can be passed to offspring.

Question 14

What did Jean- Baptistie Lamarck believe?

Answer 14

He believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics. He believed organims could change during their lifetime based on their use or disuse of certain traits. He also believed those traits could be passed onto offspring

Question 15

What Evidence of Evolution is there?

Answer 15

Fossil Record
- Sekeltal (bones of dead animals) remains forming fossils in sedimentary rock illustrates organisms evolutionary history.

Question 16

What is biogeography?

Answer 16

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of life (plants, animals, and other organisms) across the Earth’s surface, both spatially and through time

Question 17

What does the Theory of Plate Tectonics explain, and how does it relate to species distribution?

Answer 17

The Theory of Plate Tectonics explains the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates.

It relates to species distribution because tbe movement of continents can isolate species, leading to the creation of species and distinct distributions of organisms.

Question 18

How does climate influence the evolution and distribution of species?

Answer 18

Climate creates selective pressures on organisms, which leads to evolution

Climate also affects where species can live and how they evolve to survive in different climates.

Question 19

What is convergent evolution, and how does it occur?

Answer 19

Convergent evolution occurs when distantly related organisms develop similar traits due to experiencing similar environmental pressures, even though they do not share a common ancestor with those traits.

Question 20

What is Embryology?

Answer 20

Embryology is the study of how embryos develop from a single fertilized cell into a fully formed organism

It suggests that many species share common ancestry because of the similarities in early stages of development

Question 21

What is a verterbrate

Answer 21

A vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone or spinal column.

Question 22

What is the physiological evidence of evolution?

Answer 22

Vestigal organs: ‘useless’ organs found in related species ( remnants of structures no longer selected for)

Question 23

What are Homologous Structures?

Answer 23

Homologous structures are body parts in different animals that are similar in structure because they come from a common ancestor, even if they serve different purposes

Ex. human arm and bat wing

Question 24

What are Analogous Structures?

Answer 24

Analogous structures are body parts in different species that perform the same function but have different structures because they evolved separately

Wings of a butterfly and wings of a bird

Question 25

What is amino acid sequencing?

Answer 25

the process of figuring out the specific order of amino acids that make up a protein.

Human: Lys-Gl-His-ISO
Chimpanzee Lys-Glu-His-ISO

Question 26

What is artificial selection

Answer 26

Artificial selection is when humans choose which plants or animals to breed in order to get specific traits they want.

Question 27

What is a variation

Answer 27

Variation is the differences in traits among individuals in a group.

Question 28

What is a variation

Answer 28

Variation is the difference between individuals in a group.

Some dogs are big, some dogs are small

Question 29

What is evolution?

Answer 29

Evolution is the process by which living organisms change over time through gradual genetic changes.