1

Question 1

it is something from which everything begins with. it is also called the primordial stuff

Answer 1

Arche

Question 2

the arche is air, something observable and can be felt

Answer 2

Anaximenes

Question 3

the arche must be FIRE

Answer 3

Heraclitus

Question 4

the arche is WATER

Answer 4

Thales

Question 5

the arche must be something that is precise thus everything must be constituted by numbers

Answer 5

Phythagoras

Question 6

the arche is not just fire, but the WAFE

Answer 6

Empidocles

Question 7

everything must be constituted by tiny particles called atoms

Answer 7

Democritus

Question 8

everything is created because of the municipality of elements

Answer 8

Anaxagoras

Question 9

is also defined as the science that by natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest principles of all things

Answer 9

Philosophy

Question 10

• it is an organized body of knowledge
• it is systematic
• it follows certain steps or employs certain procedure

Answer 10

Science

Question 11

it uses a philosopher’s natural capacity to think or human reason or the so-called unaided reason

Answer 11

Natural Light of Reason

Question 12

• it makes philosophy distinct from other sciences because it is no one dimension or partial
• a philosopher does not limit himself to a particular object of inquiry

Answer 12

Study of All Things

Question 13

whatever is; whatever is not is not. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being

Answer 13

Principle of Identity

Question 14

it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same thing

Answer 14

Principle of Non-Contradiction

Question 15

a thing is either is or is not; between being and not being there is no middle ground possible

Answer 15

Principle of Excluded Middle

Question 16

nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being and existence

Answer 16

Principle of Sufficient Reason

Question 17

it is an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real

Answer 17

Metaphysics

Question 18

• their theories are based on unobservable entities: mind and matter
• they explain the observable in terms of the unobservable

Answer 18

Idealist and Materialist

Question 19

• nothing we experience in the physical world with our five senses is real
• reality is unchanging, eternal, immaterial, and can be detected only by the intellect

Answer 19

Plato

Question 20

• it explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions
• it is a study of the nature of moral judgement
• it attempts to provide an account of our fundamental ethical ideas

Answer 20

Ethics

Question 21

to be happy is to live a virtuous life

Answer 21

Socrates

Question 22

it deals with nature, sources, limitations and validity of knowledge

Answer 22

Epistemology

Question 23

• gives importance to particular things seen, heard, and touched
• forms general ideas through the examination of particular facts

Answer 23

Induction

Question 24

is the view that knowledge can be attained only through sense experience

Answer 24

Empiricism

Question 25

gives importance to general law from which particular facts are understood and judged

Answer 25

Deduction

Question 26

advocates of deduction method

Answer 26

Rationalist

Question 27

the meaning and truth of an idea are tested by its practical consequences

Answer 27

Pragmatism

Question 28

- it does not provide us knowledge of the world directly and does not contribute directly to the content of our thoughts - it is not interested in what we know regarding certain subjects but in the truth or the validity of our arguments regarding such objects

Answer 28

Logic

Question 29

- first philosopher to devise a logical method - truth means the agreement of knowledge with reality

Answer 29

Aristotle

Question 30

it is the science of the beautiful in various manifestations- including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly

Answer 30

Aesthetics