1 Flashcards
The experience of past situation guide the present find out why an action succeeded, or failed by analyzing the basic reasons
Empirical/case approach
Understanding people in relationships if people were understood perfectly reaching organizational goals would not be difficult
Interpersonal Behavior approach
Work in groups rather than in isolation. the study of how behavior patterns in groups affect production
Group behavior approach
Propounded by Christian Barnard it is the cooperative interaction of thoughts ideas wants and desires of two or more people
Cooperative social systems approach
Credited to E.L. Trist, this approach seeks to emphasize the system aspect of group behavior
Sociotechnical systems approach
A manager’s most important function is decision-making, and therefore decisions should be the central focus. All other functions of a manager are built around decisions.
Decision theory approach
Management is a system, which envelops within itself many subsystems, all operating within the total environment
Systems approach
Mathematical models forms part of this theory. Each situation is fraud in terms of available mathematical models, and then analyze the situation, threadbare arriving at a mathematically, correct decision.
Mathematical or management science approach
Any managers performance is directly related to a set of given circumstances or contingency. Some theorists also feel that it takes into account not only situation, but also on the behavior.
Contingency or situational approach
Propounded by Professor Henry Mintzberg. Observing what other managers do then using such observations as a platform for analyzing and concluding on the basis of such analysis.
Managerial roles approach
Imparting knowledge from every other field of knowledge, such a sociology, mathematics, economics, psychology, etc.
Operational approach
Availability of capital, rate of interest, labor, availability, and how well things are organized, general price levels, the degree of productivity, the willingness of entrepreneurs and availability of managerial skills.
Economic environment
How good the available knowledge is used through technology is a factor to reckon with. How to conceive ideas, how to design, how to produce optimally, how to affect efficient distribution, and how well marketing is done, or technologically oriented
Technological environment
Value systems unique to particular groups of people or society. The value system consist of attitudes, behavior patterns, needs, wants, expectations, level of education, the degree of intelligence, general beliefs, customs, and traditions
Social environment
Laws, rules, regulations, government policies that affect an organization
Political and legal environment
Holding onto moral principles of what is right and what is wrong, guided by value systems prevailant in society, and generally behaving in a responsible way
Ethical environment
Organizations as well as managers should be socially responsible to the society as a whole, and should be able to do their bit when the situation calls for it
Social responsibilities
- Analysis of opportunities.
- Setting of objectives.
- identify the basis.
- Compare alternatives.
- design relevant plans.
- Qualify for control.
Steps in planning
Organizational change is inevitable, and natural processes should be allowed to take their own course
Mechanistic theory
Organizational process, should be guided and influenced because all things are interdependent
Systems theory
Giving monetary value to realized sales
Revenue standards
Scientific management school
Assembly line
Frederick Taylor
PERT stands for what?
Program evaluation and review technique
The highest need in Maslow’s hierarchy - level 5
Self actualization
Maslows hierarchy - level 4
Esteem Needs
Maslow’s hierarchy - Level 3
Belonging and love
Maslow’s hierarchy - Level 2
Safety
Maslows hierarchy - Level 1
Physical needs
Conformity in a group situation
Groupthink
Contradictory conclusion
Paradox
Cooperative action
Synergy
Hands off leadership
Laissez-faire Leader
