1.. Flashcards
homogeneous mixture
all components are the same phase.
- uniform composition and uniform properties
Heterogeneous mixture
the components are in different phases
- non-uniform composition
- varying properties
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to solid
freezing
liquid to gas
vaporization
gas to liquid
condensation
gas to solid
deposition
solid to gas
sublimation
convert number of particles to moles
divide by Avogadro number (6.02x10^23)
convert moles to number of particles
x Avogadro number (6.02x10^23)
triangle for converting between mass, moles and molar mass
How to find Empirical Formula
the simplest whole number ration of atoms/amount of each element present ina compound
1. fint the amount (mol) of each atom
2. find the smallest whole number ratios
3. use these values as subscripts
percentage composition by mass
mass of element in compound x 100/ Molar mass of compount
finding limiting reactant
- find the moles of both reactants
- divide each amount by the respective reactant’s coefficient
- the lowest value us the limiting reactant
calculate theoretical yield
- is what theoretically be produces under ideal conditions
1. determine the limiting reactant
2. use the molar ratios of the limiting rectant and the product to find the moles of the product
3. convert moles of product into mass
experimental yield
what is actually produced
- loss of product from reaction vessels
- impurity of reactnats
- un-ideal conditions
- reverse reactions consuming products in equilibrium system
- existence of side reactions due to the presence of impurities
Percentage yield
(experimental yield / theoretical yield) x 100
triangle for converting volume, amount in mol, and molar volume of an ideal gas
STP : 22.7 dm3
ideal gas law conditions
STP
Pressure - Pascals
Volume - m3 (1000dm3)
moles - mol
R - gas constant
T - absolute temperature (K)
Pressure and Volume - ideal gas
P1V1 = P2V2, P is inversely proportional to V
Pressure and Temperature (K) - ideal gas
P1/T1 = P2/T2, P is directly proportional to T
Volume and Temperature - ideal gas
V1/T1 = V2/T2, V is directly proportional to T
Ideal gas equations
(V1P1)/T1=(V2P2)/T2
PV=nRT
triangle for calculating mol,concentration, and volume
volume must be in dm3, divide cm3 by 1000
