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anatomy and physiology > 1- > Flashcards

1- Flashcards

1
Q

what is gross anatomy?

A

examination of large structures and features

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2
Q

what is microscopic anatomy?

A

examination of structures that cannot be seen without mangification

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3
Q

what dose superior region refres to?

A

above

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4
Q

give an exmple of superior?

A

the head is superior to the neck

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5
Q

what dose the term inferior mean?

A

below

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6
Q

give an example of inferior?

A

the knee is inferior to the hip

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7
Q

what is anterior region?

A

in front

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8
Q

give an example of anterior?

A

the belly bottom is on the anterior surface

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9
Q

what dose posterior mean?

A

behind

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10
Q

an example of posterior?

A

the shoulder blade is posterior to the ribs

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11
Q

what dose caudal region?

A

the tail (coccyx)

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12
Q

an example of caudal?

A

the hips are caudal to the waist

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13
Q

what dose the medial region means?

A

towards the body’s midline

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14
Q

an example of medial?

A

the medial surface of the thighs may contact

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15
Q

what dsoe lateral region mean?

A

away from the body’s midline

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16
Q

an example of lateral?

A

moving laterlly from the nose you reach the ears

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17
Q

what dose proximal mean?

A

towards an attached base

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18
Q

an example of proximal?

A

moving proximally from the elbow, you reach the shoulder

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19
Q

what dose distal region mean?

A

away from an attached base

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20
Q

an example of distal?

A

the fingers are lateral from the wrist

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21
Q

superficial region is?

A

close to the surface

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22
Q

an example of superficial?

A

the skin is superficial to the underlying organ

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23
Q

what dose the deep mean?

A

away from the surface

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24
Q

example od deep?

A

the thigh bone is deep to the srrounding muscle

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25
Q

what dose the 3D shape referred to?

A

as planes

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26
Q

what the term section mean?

A

any single view along the 3D shape plane

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27
Q

what are the three types of plane?

A

frontal or coronal plane

sagittal or midsagittal plane

transrerse or horizontal plane

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28
Q

what dose the frontal plane seprates?

A

anterior and portions of the body

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29
Q

what dose the sagitte plane separates?

A

right and left portions

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30
Q

what dose the midsagittal separates?

A

the body into equal right and left sides

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31
Q

what dose the parasgittal section separates?

A

the body two unequal right and left sides

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32
Q

what dose the transererse section separates?

A

superior and inferior portion of the body

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33
Q

what dose the 3D body plane have in common?

A

plane is oriented parallel or parpendicalar to long axis

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34
Q

what dose the body naturally divided into?

A

cavities

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35
Q

what is the purpose of the body cavities?

A

it protects the internal organs and allow organs to alter their shape

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36
Q

what is the name of the major cavity appears early in develpment?

A

coelom

37
Q

what dose the thoracic cavity surrounaed by?

A

the chest wall and diaphragm, superior to the diaphragm

38
Q

what dose the abdominopelvic cavity contains?

A

the peritoneal cavity, inferior to the diaphragm

39
Q

how many are there different types of cells in the human body?

A

200 cells

40
Q

what are the four types of cells in the human body can loosley put into four types?

A

epithelial

connective

muscle

neural

41
Q

every cell has the same set of what?

A

chromosomes and genes

42
Q

genes are turned on and off based on what?

A

which proteins the call can produce

43
Q

when gene become more restricted, it become what?

A

specialised

44
Q

what dose the repeated cell division of specialised cell prodoce?

A

more copies

45
Q

what dose specialised cells forms?

A

organised groupings known as tissues

46
Q

what dose the epithelial tissues contains?

A

epithelia and glands

47
Q

what are the five improtant charactristics of epithelia tissue?

A

cellularity

polarity

attachment

avascularity

regeneration

48
Q

what are the four major functions of epithelia tissues?

A

protection

permeability control

sensation

secretion

49
Q

what are the connective tissue connect to?

A

the epithelium to the rest of the body

50
Q

exmaples of connective tissues?

A

bone

blood

fat

51
Q

what dose the connective tissue have a wide range of?

A

functions and appearance

52
Q

what dose the connective tisse contains?

A

extracellular

ground substance

variety of cells

53
Q

what dose the connective tissues divided into?

A

lose and dense connective tissue

54
Q

what are the three types of connective tissue fibers?

A

collagen fibers

reticular fibers

elastic fibers

55
Q

whch fibers are common, flexible and strong?

A

collagen fibers

56
Q

why dose the reticular fibers forms branching network?

A

to stabilise functional cell in organ

57
Q

what dose the elastic fibers contains ?

A

the protein elastin

58
Q

what is the role of protein in elastic fibers?

A

it returns the fiber to original length to normal after stretching

59
Q

what dose the connective tissue cells contains?

A

fibroblasts and fibrocytes

60
Q

what dose the fibroblasts present?

A

secretes hyaluronan and proteins

61
Q

what dose the fibrocytes forms?

A

it form fibroblasts

62
Q

what is the blood made up?

A

waterly matrix known as plasma

63
Q

what dose fibrocytes maintain?

A

connective tissue fibres

64
Q

where dose the red and white blood cell found?

A

in plasma with platelets

65
Q

what dose the lymph fluid contains?

A

fluid matrix and cell of the immue system

66
Q

what dose the supportive connective tissue provide?

A

strong framwork to support the body

67
Q

what dose the matrix contains in supprotive connective tissue?

A

many fibres and calcium deposite

68
Q

what the muscular tissue provide?

A

movement

69
Q

what dose the term movement mean in skeletal muscle?

A

movement of the body

70
Q

what dose the term movement mean in cardic muscle?

A

movement of the blood

71
Q

what dose the term movement mean in smooth muscle?

A

movement of the digestive tract

72
Q

what dose nervous tissue responsiable for?

A

sanding electric impules from one area to another

73
Q

what percentage of nervous tissue is conectrated in the brain

A

about 98%

74
Q

what are the two types of nervous tissue?

A

neurons and neuroglia

75
Q

what are organs?

A

combination of tissues that perform complex actions

76
Q

why dose organs work together?

A

to bring coordinated results

77
Q

what is homostasis?

A

existance of a sable environment

78
Q

why homoeotasis vital (important)?

A

it corrects the functioning of the human body

79
Q

what is homeostasis regulation?

A

the act of changing physiological process to maintain balance

80
Q

extrinsic regulation results through what?

A

coordinated change in nervous and endocrine systems

81
Q

example of extrinsic regulation?

A

exercise triggers nervous response which increase heart rate and reduce blood flow to the digestive system

82
Q

when dose autoregulation occurs?

A

when a cell tissue or organ adjusts automatically in response to external change

83
Q

example of autoregulation?

A

dilation of blood vessels at site of low oxygen

84
Q

which feedback is hardly seen in human body?

A

positive feedback

85
Q

what dose the positive feedback activites to?

A

exaggerated response

86
Q

which feedback is common in machanism?

A

negative feedback

87
Q

what happened in negative feedback?

A

the values are constantly vibrating with responses when its too hight or low

88
Q

example of positive feedback?

A

breast feeding

anatomy and physiology (5 decks)

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