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Computational Linguistics > #1 > Flashcards

#1 Flashcards

1
Q

Computational Linguistics

A

the filed concerned with using automatic computational methods to analyze and synthesize natural languages (text,speech,gesture)

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2
Q

Phonology

A

the study of sounds of a language

ex.
pat vs bat

distinction between words “p” and “b”

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3
Q

corpus

A

a computer-readable collection of linguistic production

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4
Q

plural form of corpus

A

corpora!

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5
Q

key factor of corpora

A

representativeness

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6
Q

kinds of corpora

A

balanced/imbalanced
written/spoken

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7
Q

lexicon

A

set of all words and phrases in a language

ex. “dog”, “cat”
“I’m going to the gym”

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8
Q

synsets

A

a tree structure (WordNet)
organized in near-synonym sets

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9
Q

resnik similarity

A

two words are more similar the higher the info content of their lowest common subsume

ex. finch, penguin –> bird

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10
Q

lesk similarity

A

overlap of glosses, two words are more similar the higher the lexical overlap

ex. Cat: feline mammal usually having thick
Lion: large gregarious predatory feline

Cat and Lion have higher semantic similarity, share the word feline

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11
Q

characteristic of natural images

A

ambiguous

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12
Q

valid hyponym of Dog

A

shpiz

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13
Q

hypernym of Melon

A

Fruit

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14
Q

compositional semantics

A

studies how the meanings of words and phrases are combined

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15
Q

pragmatics

A

analyze how context influences meaning

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16
Q

How we can reduce language ambiguity

A

By redundancy ( narrow down the possible interpretations of a language)

17
Q

characteristics of natural language

A

conventional
redundant
a set of related systems
subjected to change
context dependent

18
Q

Goals of Natural languages

A

infer the component symbols
formalize the rules
combine atomic meanings
understand large proportions
produce complex sentences

19
Q

segmentation

A

splitting the text/speech into symbols

20
Q

morphology

A

study the structure of words, including how they are formed and related to other words

ex. “walked” - ed stands fro past tense of verbs

21
Q

syntax

A

set of rules, principles and processes for combining symbols according to the structure

ex. The cat chased the mouse
- analyzing the sentence will be ( a subject, verb, object)

22
Q

lexical semantics

A

deals with the meaning of morphemes and words

ex. “car” and “automobile” used in different context

23
Q

lexicon

A

list of words enriched w some attributes

ex, words with concreteness ratings

24
Q

thesaurus

A

lists words and phrases that are related in meaning
ex. synonyms /autonyms
“joyful”, “pleased”

25
Q

diachronic analysis

A

studies how the language changes over time

Computational Linguistics (5 decks)

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