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Question 1

Define the key characteristics of livings organisms?(4)

Answer 1

Movement,
Respiration,
Growth and development,
Reproduction,
Excretion,
(require)Nutrition,
Control internal conditions,
Response to their surroundings

Question 2

What are features and examples of plants?(3)

Answer 2

Plants are multicellular, contain chloroplasts and can photosynthesise.
They have cell walls made of cellulose, and store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch.
Flowering plants, herbaceous legumes.

Question 3

What are features and examples of animals?(3)

Answer 3

Animals are multicellular, don’t have chloroplasts and can’t photosynthesise.
Most have nervous coordination, which means they can rapidly respond to changes in their environment.
They store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen.
Mammals, Insects.

Question 4

What are features and examples of fungi?(3)

Answer 4

Some are single celled, but others have a body called a mycelium which is made up of hyphae. Don’t have chloroplasts and can’t photosynthesise.
Cell walls that are made of chitin and they feed by saprotrophic nutrition.
Store carbohydrates as glycogen.
Yeast, Mucor.

Question 5

What are features and examples of Protoctists?(3)

Answer 5

They are single-celled and microscopic.
Some have chloroplasts and are similar to plant cells while others are more like animal cells.
Chlorella, Amoeba.

Question 6

What are features and examples of Bacteria?(3)

Answer 6

Single-celled and microscopic, they also don’t have a nucleus.
They have a circular chromosome of DNA. Some can photosynthesise.
Most feed off other organisms - either living or dead.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Pneumococcus.

Question 7

What are features and examples of Viruses?(4)

Answer 7

These are particles rather than cells, and smaller than bacteria. They can only reproduce inside livings cells, they are parasites.
They infect all types of living organisms and come in loads of different shapes and sizes.
No cellular structure, they have a protein coat around genetic material.
Influenza virus, Tobacco mosaic virus.

Question 8

Define eukaryotic and prokaryotic?(2)

Answer 8

Eukaryotic organisms are made up of eukaryotic cells, they are either plants, animals, fungi, or protoctists.
Prokaryotic organisms are made up of prokaryotic cells, they are bacteria.

Question 9

What are pathogens?(2)

Answer 9

Pathogens are organisms that cause disease, and include fungi, protoctists and bacteria.
Viruses are also pathogens.