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Cardio Final > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Zika is transmitted through

A

Sex

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2
Q

Zika during pregnancy causes

A

Defect of brain called microcephaly

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3
Q

Zika causes

A 
Miscarriage 
Still birth
Defects
Guillian barre syndrome (rare nervous system sickness)
Microcephaly
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4
Q

Pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome is distinguished from that of uncomplicated dengue

A

Immune enhancement of infection

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5
Q

Exfoliative toxins a & b cause

A

Ritter disease

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6
Q

Suprantigen (stimulates proliferation of T cells and release of cytokines )
Release inf mediators in mast cells
Increasing intestinal peristalsis and fluid loss (nausea and vomiting)

A

Enteritoxins

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7
Q

Produces leakage or cellular destruction of endothelial cells
Suprantigen

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

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8
Q

Toxic for blood cells (erythro, fibro, platelets, macrophages, leukocytes)

A

Cytotoxins

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9
Q

Serine protease that split the intercellular bridges in the sternum granulosum epidermis

A

Exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB)

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10
Q

Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome

A

Ritter disease

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11
Q

…characterized by inset of local perioral erythema (redness and inf around the MOUTH) then spreads within 2 days

A

Ritter disease (staphylococcal scalded skin)

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12
Q

Large bullae or cutaneous blisters form in ritter disease, followed by

A

Desquamation of epithelium

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13
Q

If slight pressure displases the skin in ritter disease this is called (picture)

A

Positive nikolskys sign

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14
Q
  1. A 20 year old patient comes to the homeless clinic with a skin abscess on the right arm. A swab from the intact skin overlying this abscess grows coagulase negative staphylococci. An aspirate obtained sterilely with a needle and syringe grows Staphylococcus aureus. About these 2 organisms in this patient you can say:
A

The staph aureus is a a pathogen and the coagulase negative staph isn’t

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15
Q

requiring of vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure and lactate level is a sign of

A

Septic shock

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16
Q

Risk factors for sepsis

A 
ICU
Bacteremia
Over 65 yrs old
Immunosuppression 
Diabetes and obesity 
Cancer
Genetic
Community acquired pneumonia
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17
Q

most prevalent virus that cause viral myocarditis

A

enterovirus— cocksackie A, B (mainly B)

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18
Q

high level lactate means patient goes into s

A

septic shock

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19
Q

initial differential test is

A

catalase test

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20
Q

streptococci is catalase

A

Negative

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21
Q

Blood cultures from a man with infect

A
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22
Q

An 8-year-old boy develops a severe sore throat. On examination, a grayish-white exudate is seen on the tonsils and pharynx. The cause of the boy’s pharyngitis is most likely

A

Catalase negative gram positive coccus that grows in chains

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23
Q

Which following statements

Regarding s bovis group is correct

A

Possess lancefeild group D antigen

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24
Q

4 yrs old boy, honey clustered region behind ear, simple test to determine genus of bacteria responsible

A

Catalase test

25
Q

Enterococci are distinguished from nonentercoccal group D stertococci on the basis of which characteristic

A

Growth in 6.5% NaCl

26
Q

60 yr old woman hospitalized following a stroke and develops a high grade fever with chills, she is catherized to to incontinence, blood cultures and gram stain are preformed by the lab. Organisms isolated are gram postitive cocci that are catalase negative and capable of growing in 6.5 sodium chloride.which is most likely casual agent

A

Enterococcus faecalis

27
Q

A 12year-old girl woke up saying it hurt to swallowHer mother took her to physician who said it looked like a viral pharyngitis and performed a rapid strep antigen test which was negative. Three weeks later she became listless and irritablePhysical examination revealed a febrile girl with arthritis two joints and a heart murmurHer antistreptolysin titer was elevated. Her cardiac findings are most likely due to antibody directed against:

A

Sarcolemmal membrane

28
Q

An 8-year-old girl develops Sydenham’s chorea (St. Vitus dance) with rapid uncoordinated facial tics and involuntary purposeless movements of her extremities , strongly suggestive of acute rheumatic fever. She has no other major manifestations of rheumatic fever carditis, arthritis, subcutaneous nodules, skin rash). The patient’s throat culture is negative for pyogenes (group A streptococci)However, she, her brother, positive would indicate recent pyogenes infections is

A

ASO antibody titer

29
Q

All of the following statements regarding the hyaluronic acid capsule of S. pyogenes are correct except

A

A vaccine against the capsule is currently available

30
Q

An 8-year-old boy has been listless and irritable for a week. The mother says he had a sore throat 3 weeks ago but did not see a physician Examination reveals arthritis in two joints and a heart murmur. His antistreptolysin (ASO) titer is elevated. His cardiac findings are most likely due to antibody stimulated by:

A

M protein

31
Q

A 10-year-old child develops glomerulonephritis a week after he was treated for a sore throat. The causal agent is identified by serotyping of the

A

M proteins

32
Q

A -year-old girl has a sore throat. She is febrile and has a scant exudate on one tonsillar pillar. The most sensitive way to detect whether this infection is due to group A streptococci is:

A

Throat culture

33
Q

A 19 yr old female asks if she can discontinue penicillin prophylaxis at age 12she was diagnosed with with acute rheumatic fever

A

She should continue on penicillin indefinitely as she had a precious recurrance

34
Q

Which is the most common clinical presentation of acute rheumatic fever

A

Poly arthritis

35
Q

A 30-year-old hospitalized patient with an intravenous (IV) catheter developed fever and systemic infection. The source of the infection was bacteria that contaminated the catheter during its insertion. The IV catheter had to be removed because the bacteria grew within the catheter forming a biofilm. Biofilm development depends on the ability of the bacteria to produce which of the following?

A

Polysaccharides

36
Q

Which kinds of primary bacteremia attributed to the central line require that the line be pulled immediately and antibiotic therapy be initiated ?

A

Tunnel infection and septic phlebitis (B&D)

37
Q

A SS-year-old man presented with fever and feeling generally unwell. His wife reported he had complained of shortness of breath and coughing up brown sputum the day before. He had no past medical history and was not taking any regular medication. He worked as an engineer. On examination, he had a gSOFA score of 2 respiratory rate >22/min and BP What does SOFA stand for?

A

Sepsis related organ failure assessments

38
Q

Which of the following is correct concerning the pathogenesis of catheter related bloodstream infection ?

A

Thrombus around catheter facilitates bacterial growth

39
Q

A cancer chemotherapy patient has to have her intravenous port revised after it becomes blocked and the catheter is found to contain bacterial contaminants. Which of the following attributes is most likely to be a factor in this pathogenesis?

A

Biofilm production

40
Q

What type of bacteria is most common cause of cathedrals related bloodstream infection?

A

Staphylococci

41
Q

Tye followin features are severe sepsis except

A

Hypertension

42
Q

Presence of 2/3 qSOFA criteria predicts?

A

Increased risk of death

43
Q

An elderly man with an enlarged prostate has frequent and painful urinationSuddenly he develops fever and chillsExamination reveals hypotension (blood pressure 55/10 mm Hg) and a blood culture is positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae. The fever, chills, and hypotension likely derive from the bacterial:

A

Polysaccharide capsule

44
Q

Which of the following lesions is associated with infective endocarditis (painful, red, raised lesions on hand and feet)

A

Osler lesion

45
Q

A 55-year-old woman had her rheumatic heart valve replaced with a prosthetic valveSix blood cultures became positive after 3 days of incubation. An optochin-resistant, catalase-negative gram-positive coccus that was alpha-hemolytic was isolated. What was the most likely causal agent? Streptococcus viridans A 55-year-old woman had her rheumatic heart valve replaced with a prosthetic valveSix blood cultures became positive after 3 days of incubation. An optochin-resistant, catalase-negative gram-positive coccus that was alpha-hemolytic was isolated. What was the most likely causal agent? Streptococcus viridans

A

Streptococcus viridans

46
Q

Which of the following demographics has the highest prevalence of infective endocarditis at the present time?

A

Newborn babies

47
Q

Which of the following causes of infective endocarditis is not a member of the HACEK group ?

A

Chlamydia

48
Q

A 68-year-old woman on chemotherapy for leukemia has developed sepsis due to an infection with Escherichia coli. The following day the patient develops septic shock and dies. The structure on the bacterium most likely responsible for causing septic shock in this patient is

A

Lipopolysaccaride

49
Q

All of the following statements regarding the HACEK organisms are true EXCEPT:
A. HACEK-associated endocarditis tends to occur in younger patients than non-HACEK endocarditis
B. HACEK organisms require an oxygen- enriched environment for growth
C. Most cultures that ultimately yield a HACEK organism become positive within the first week
D.The most common clinical manifestation of the HACEK organisms is endocarditis
E. They are fastidious slow- growing organism

A

The most common clinical manifestation of the HACEK organisms is endocarditis

50
Q

A 68-year-old man is found to have infective endocarditis 2 weeks after heart valve replacement surgeryWhat is the most likely etiology?

A

Staphylococcus species

51
Q

Risk factors for isolated right side native valve infective endocarditis

A

Intravenous drug use

52
Q

Best definition of janeway lesions

A

Small hemorrhagic lesions on the palms or soles caused by septic emboli from endocarditis

53
Q

Which is more likely to cause infective endocarditis with negative blood cultures

A

Coxiella burnetii

54
Q

Which of the following signs is least likely to be associated with infective endocarditis

A

Decreased deep tendon reflexes

55
Q

Which of the following is present in all cases of infective endocarditis regardless of etiology

A

Cardiac endothelial damage

56
Q

What is non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis mainly composed of

A

Fibrin and platelet matrices

57
Q

Which of the following organisms is not a common cause of early or late prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

Neisseria gonirrhoae

58
Q

Blood cultures from a man with infective endocarditis grow streptococcus bovis, a workup for which of the following conditions is indicated

A

Colon cancer

Cardio Final (4 decks)

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