1 1 - Rivers

Question 1

Upper stage processes

Answer 1

Erosion and transportation

Question 2

Erosion types

Answer 2

Attrition, abrasion, solution, hydraulic action

Question 3

Upper stage features

Answer 3

V shaped valleys, waterfalls

Question 4

Middle stage processes

Answer 4

Erosion, transportation, deposition

Question 5

Middle stage feaures

Answer 5

Meanders, oxbow lakes

Question 6

Fastest fiver flow point

Answer 6

thalweg

Question 7

Lower stage processes

Answer 7

Erosion, transportation, deposition

Question 8

Lower stage features

Answer 8

Deltas

Question 9

Delta formation

Answer 9

River reaches slower water at mouth, deposits sediment and is blocked so branches ad infinitum

Question 10

Flooding causes

Answer 10

Ground cover - concrete bad, soil good
Slope angle - steep slope bad
Drainage density - many tributaries bad
Basin shape - elongated basin good

Question 11

Flood management aims

Answer 11

Protect homes, business, and environment by increasing lag time

Question 12

Dams advantages

Answer 12

Flood control, hydroelectric power, drinking water reserves

Question 13

Dams disadvantages

Answer 13

Trapped sediment, settlements behind lost, blocks fish migration (i.e. salmon)

Question 14

Channel straightening advantages

Answer 14

Easier to navigate, more water flows and so doesn’t flood

Question 15

Channel straightening disadvantages

Answer 15

Increases flooding risk downstream

Question 16

Soft engineering examples

Answer 16

Wetlands - natural flooding to make marshlanfd
Afforestation - planting trees to increase lag time
Porous pavements
Land use zoning

Question 17

MEDC C/S name

Answer 17

Boscastle 2004

Question 18

MEDC C/S rainfall

Answer 18

60mm in 2h (a month’s worth)

Question 19

MEDC C/S rock types

Answer 19

Permeable limestone and impermeable slate

Question 20

MEDC C/S rivers

Answer 20

Valency, Jordan, Paradice

Question 21

MEDC C/S other factors

Answer 21

Co-incised with high tide

Trees and cars (14) blocked under bridge forcing flood water around

Question 22

MEDC C/S cars lost

Answer 22

> 1k

Question 23

MEDC C/S deaths

Answer 23

0

Question 24

MEDC C/S impacts

Answer 24

loss of tourism income

insurance claims

Question 25

LEDC C/S name

Answer 25

Mozambique 2000

Question 26

LEDC C/S rainfall

Answer 26

1160mm in 1 month

Question 27

LEDC C/S homeless

Answer 27

463000

Question 28

LEDC C/S rainfall duration

Answer 28

5 weeka

Question 29

LEDC C/S cause

Answer 29

Exceptional rainfall in S. Africa - carried down Limpopo river

Question 30

LEDC C/S deaths

Answer 30

700

Question 31

LEDC C/S river rise

Answer 31

6m

Question 32

LEDC C/S underlying factors

Answer 32

LEDC so low/no investment in flood infrastructure