09 Taxonomy- what's in a name? 10 Classification, systematics, and phylogenetics 11 Describing new species 12 Brief timeline of life on Earth

Question 1

I often find this parasite in our local birds and fishes:

Ascocotyle longa Loos, 1920

Match the items, and note that I’ve included several distractor matches.

Answer 1

Loos - the person who described the species

Question 2

I often find this parasite in our local birds and fishes:

Ascocotyle longa Loos, 1920

Match the items, and note that I’ve included several distractor matches.

Answer 2

Ascocotyle - the parasite’s genus

Question 3

I often find this parasite in our local birds and fishes:

Ascocotyle longa Loos, 1920

Match the items, and note that I’ve included several distractor matches.

Answer 3

Ionga - the parasite’s specific epithet

Question 4

I often find this parasite in our local birds and fishes:

Ascocotyle longa Loos, 1920

Match the items, and note that I’ve included several distractor matches.

Answer 4

1920 - the year this parasite’s specific description was published

Question 5

I often find this parasite in our local birds and fishes:

Ascocotyle longa Loos, 1920

Match the items, and note that I’ve included several distractor matches.

Answer 5

Ascocotyle longa - the parasite’s full species name

Question 6

In the two hypothetical phylogenetic trees depicted here, the numbers across the top represent species, and the same species are shown in both trees. Which two species are represented as sister species in Tree 2 but are not shown as sister species in Tree 1

Answer 6

3 & 4

Question 7

Using the same plot as the question above: you examine the morphology and gene sequences of the species, and learn that 1, 2, and 3 share a more recent common ancestor with each other than any of them do with 4, 5, or 6. Which of the two trees in the previous question is supported by that evidence?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

Using the same plot as the questions above: data from protein sequencing show that species 5 and 6 likely share a very recent common ancestor. Which of the trees is supported by that specific line of evidence?

Answer 8

Both are equally supported

Question 9

Which of the following taxonomic levels is the most inclusive, i.e. would include the largest number of species?

Answer 9

Domain

Question 10

Which of the following features would make a gene useful for barcoding?

Answer 10

Present in a wide variety of organisms, evolved rapidly, we have primers that allow us to sequence its easily

Question 11

Which of the following statements best defines abiogenesis?

Answer 11

Life arises spontaneously on Earth from non-living precursors

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the key conclusion from the experiments of Urey and Miller?

Answer 12

Organic molecules self-assemble spontaneously under conditions like those on early Earth

Question 13

The first genetic material on Earth was probably

Answer 13

RNA

Question 14

This is a small piece of the Murchison meterorite. Why did I mention it in class?

Answer 14

It provided evidence that simple organic molecules spontaneously form in space.

Question 15

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

Earliest ISOTOPIC evidence of life

Answer 15

3.8 GYA

Question 16

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

Oldest prokaryotic microfossils

Answer 16

3.5 GYA

Question 17

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

Formation of Earth

Answer 17

4.5 GYA

Question 18

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

Largest extinction event in Earth’s history

Answer 18

250 MYA

Question 19

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

Colonization of land by plants

Answer 19

500 MYA

Question 20

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

Beginning of Earth’s Oxygen Revolution

Answer 20

-2.5 GYA

Question 21

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

First animals

Answer 21

700 MYA

Question 22

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

First eukaryotes

Answer 22

-1.5 GYA

Question 23

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

Origin of Universe (Big Bang)

Answer 23

15 GYA

Question 24

Match the following major events in the history of life on Earth to the appropriate date. A few extra dates may be included as distracting “red herrings”, so choose the one that best matches the event. (note that the numbers have been rounded)

BYA = billions of years ago

MYA = millions of years ago

Extinction of the dinosaurs

Answer 24

65 MYA

Question 25

Which of the following is the likeliest sequence of events in the origin of life?

Answer 25

Synthesis of organic monomers
Synthesis of organic polymers
Formation of protocells
Formation of DNA-based genetic systems

Question 26

Consider the following phylogenetic tree

Answer 26

Pouch, placenta, amniote egg, four legs

Question 27

Using the same tree: which of the following is the more derived trait?

Answer 27

Live birth

Question 28

Using the same tree: elephants, kangaroos, and platypuses all have hair. This suggests that, for that group of organisms, the presence of hair is a good example of

Answer 28

Homology

Question 29

Using the same tree, your friend proposes a classification that groups kangaroos and platypuses and excludes the other organisms on the tree. Why would a phylogeneticist reject that classification?

Answer 29

It is paraphyletic

Question 30

The acronym of the organization that governs the naming of species?

Answer 30

ICZN