081 PF PT3 Flashcards

1
Q

Geef het principe van Bernoulli

A

Het principe van bernoulli zegt dat in incompressible flow de totale energie (kinetisch + statische druk) altijd hetzelfde moet blijven. Dit beteketn dus als de kinetische druk daalt, de statische druk moet stijgen. Een toepassing hiervan is de venturi waar bij de vernauwing de snelheid (kinetische druk) omhoog gaat en dus de statische druk naar beneden.

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2
Q

Hoe gaat een flow (subsonic) rond een vleugel?

A

De flow komt aan bij de LE en is hier laminair (= weinig weerstand, dunne laag), deze gaat over de vleugel waar er onderdruk onstaat en waar dus de flow steeds sneller gaat. Vanaf het transition point wordt deze flow turbulent, krijgt hij meer weerstand en wordt hij dikker. Vanaf de turbulente flow niet meer aan de boundary layer vastzit is er airflow separation (=stall).

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3
Q

Geef het verschil tussen 2d en 3d flow

A

De 3dflow gaat vooral over de spanwise flow over een vleugel, dit betekent dus de flow along the lateral axis. Bij de wingtip is er een drukverschil tussen boven en onderkant en zal de airflow dus van hoge druk (onder) naar lage druk (boven) willen bewegen rond de vleugel. Dit geeft wing tip vortices and induced drag (doordat er een induced downwash is van de vortices). Op de trailing edge gebeurt dit ook wanneer de hoge druk de lage druk meet.

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4
Q

Geef de verschillende soorten drag

A

Parasite drag:
- skin friction: particles of air directly in contact with the aerofoil
- form drag: from the separation of the boundary layer from the surface
- interference drag: due to mixing of airflows between airframe compnents (most heavy when they are at 90°)
Induced drag:
- due to wing tip vortices that create an induced downwash which reduces the effective AoA and create additional drag component

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5
Q

Geef de factoren die stall speed beinvloeden

A
  • weight
  • load factor
  • center of gravity
  • altitude
  • power/thrust
  • compressibility
  • high lift devices
  • wing contamination
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6
Q

Geef de verschillende high-lift devices en hun functies

A
  • Flaps: devices on the trailing edge of the wing which increase lift and give a reduction in stall speed (increase in CLmax) by changing the camber or the area of the wing
  • Slats: devices on the trailing edge of the wing which give a higher critical AoA by re-energizing the boundary layer (slotted slat)
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7
Q

Leg uit: longitudinal stability

A

Static long.: when the cg is in front of the cp, the lift gives a negative moment (pitch down). This needs to be corrected by the tailplane which gives a positive moment around the cg (with a negative lift at the tailpale. This way the moments are balanced. When the cg goes further fwd, the arm from the lift becomes bigger and the tail needs to give more download to compensate the bigger moment of the lift.
Dynamic long.:
- phugoid: long-period slow oscilation around the lateral axis. This gives big changes in speed and pitch
- short-period variation: short variation in AoA which give large g-forces. It it soo short for the pilots to respond to it/

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8
Q

What happens to Cl and Cd in supersonic transition?

A

The CL goes up until mach .81 where it decreases a lot (just after the critical mach number), then it goes to the lowest point mach .89, from where it goes up again to just before mach 1 (.98), from here it goes only down
Cd: it starts going up from mach 0.75 (drag divergency number) where it reaches a maxium at mach 0.98), from there on it decreases again.
The Cp goes aft to mid-chord position which causes tuck-under

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9
Q

Geef de eigenschappen van het gust load diagram en defineer de snelheden

A

Va: the maxium speed where you can do a maximum deflection of flight controls without permanent damage (exceed the limit load factor).
Vb: turbulence penetration speed/max gust intensity (66ft/sec)
Vc: design cruise speed (50ft/sec)
Vd: design dive speed (25ft/sec)

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