08: The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 1

• 126 bones
• Primarily involved in body movements

Question 2

Clavicle (collarbone)

Answer 2

• Medial (sternal) end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum
• Lateral (acromial) end articulates with the acromion of the scapula

Question 3

Scapula

Answer 3

• Flat bone that is located in the superior part of the posterior thorax between the second and seventh ribs
• Its glenoid cavity is the attachment point for the humerus

Question 4

Humerus

Answer 4

• Articulates with the scapula proximally
  
  • its rounded head fits into the glenoid cavity
• Articulates with the radius and ulna distally
  
  • the trochlea articulates with the ulna
  • the capitulum with the radius

Question 5

Ulna

Answer 5

• One of two bones in forearm
  
  • Ulna and Radius
• olecranon and coronoid process at the proximal end of the ulna form the trochlear notch
  
  • wraps around the trochlea of the humerus making up the elbow joint

Question 6

Radius

Answer 6

• One of two bones in the forearm
  
  • Ulna and Radius\
• located on the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm
  
  • The articulation of its head with the capitulum of the humerus and with the ulna allow the forearm to rotate

Question 7

Carpal Bones

Answer 7

• 8 small bones connected by ligaments
• Arranged in two rows of four bones each
• Proximal row (articulates with distal radius and ulna)
  
  • scaphoid
  • lunate
  • triquetrum
  • pisiform
• Distal row (articulates with the metacarpals)
  
  • trapezium
  • trapezoid
  • capitate
  • hamate

Question 9

Metacarpals

Answer 9

• 5 bones
• Make up palm and back of hand
• Numbered I, II, III, IV, V
  
  • starting with thumb
• Bases articulate with the distal carpals while their heads articulate with the proximal phalanges

Question 10

Phalanges

Answer 10

• Bones of the digits
• 14 bones
  
  • Thumb
    
    • 2 bones (proximal and distal)
  • 4 fingers
    
    • 3 bones each (proximal, middle and distal)

Question 11

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 11

• Made up of two hip bones
  
  • coxal bones
  • os coxa
    
    • articulate posteriorly at sacrum
    • articulate anteriorly at pubic bones
• Each hip bone made up of three individual bones
  
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubis
    
    • disc of fibrocartilage between two bones

Question 12

Pelvis Differences:

Male and Female

(1 of 3)

Answer 12

Question 13

Pelvis Differences:

Male and Female

(2 of 3)

Answer 13

Question 14

Pelvis Differences:

Male and Female

(3 of 3)

Answer 14

Question 15

Femur

Answer 15

• Longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the body
• Proximal end (head) inserts into the acetabulum of the hip bone
• Distal end articulates with the tibia and patella

Question 16

Patella

Answer 16

• Triangular bone that develops in the quadriceps tendon
• Posterior surface articulates with the femur

Question 17

Tibia and Fibula

Answer 17

• Lower leg consists of the tibia and the fibula
• tibia’s proximal end articulates with the femur
• tibia’s distal end articulates with the talus bone of the ankle
• tibial tuberosity on the anterior surface
  
  • point of attachment for the patellar ligament

Question 18

Tarus

Answer 18

• Contains 7 tarsal bones
  
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • navicular
  • 3 cuneiforms
  • cuboid