07: Skeletal System: Axial System

Question 1

Axial System

Answer 1

(80 bones) - skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum, vertebrae and sacrum

Question 2

Appendicular System

Answer 2

(126 bones) - bones of the upper and lower extremities and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 3

Types of Bones: Shapes

Answer 3

1. Long (greater length than width)
2. Short (cube shaped)
3. Flat (thin layers of parallel plates)
4. Irregular (complex shapes)
5. Sesamoid (shaped like a sesame seed)

Question 4

Types of Bones: Location

Answer 4

1. Sutural bones
2. Sutures

Question 5

Sutural Bones

Answer 5

Small, extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones

Question 6

Sutures

Answer 6

jointed areas where flat bones come together

Question 7

Bone Surface Markings

Answer 7

1. Depressions and openings
2. Processes

Question 8

Depressions and Openings

Answer 8

• Surface markings
• Allow the passage of soft tissue
• Forms joints

Question 9

Processes

Answer 9

• Surface markings
• Projections or outgrowths that form joints
• Serve as attachments points for ligaments and tendons

Question 10

Fissure (FISH-ur)

Answer 10

• Bone surface marking: Depression and Opening
• Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass.
• Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

Question 11

Foramen (fō-RĀ-men = hole; plural is foramina, fō-RĀM-i-na)

Answer 11

• Bone surface marking: Depression and Opening
• Opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass.
• Optic foramen of sphenoid bone

Question 12

Fossa (FOS-a = trench; plural is fossae, FOS-ē)

Answer 12

• Bone surface marking: Depression and Opening
• Shallow depression.
• Coronoid fossa of humerus

Question 13

Sulcus (SUL-kus = groove; plural is sulci, SUL-sī)

Answer 13

• Bone surface marking: Depression and Opening
• Furrow along the bone surface that accommodates blood vessel, nerve, or tendon.
• Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 14

Meatus (mē-Ā-tus = passageway; plural is meati, mē-Ā-tī)

Answer 14

• Bone surface marking: Depression and Opening
• Tubelike opening
• External auditory meatus of temporal bone

Question 15

Condyle (KON-dīl; condylus = knuckle)

Answer 15

• Processes that form joints
• Large, round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at end of bone.
• Lateral condyle of femur

Question 16

Facet (FAS-et or fa-SET)

Answer 16

• Processes that form joints
• Smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface.
• Superior articular facet of vertebra

Question 17

Head

Answer 17

• Processes that form joints
• Usually rounded articular projection supported on neck (constricted portion) of bone.
• Head of femur

Question 18

Crest

Answer 18

• Processes that form attachment points for connective tissue
• Prominent ridge or elongated projection.
• Iliac crest of hip bone

Question 19

Epicondyle (epi- = above)

Answer 19

• Processes that form attachment points for connective tissue
• Typically roughened projection above condyle.
• Medial epicondyle of femur

Question 20

Line (linea)

Answer 20

• Processes that form attachment points for connective tissue
• Long, narrow ridge or border (less prominent than crest).
• Linea aspera of femur

Question 21

Spinous process

Answer 21

• Processes that form attachment points for connective tissue
• Sharp, slender projection.
• Spinous process of vertebra

Question 22

Trochanter

Answer 22

• Processes that form attachment points for connective tissue
• Very large projection.
• Greater trochanter of femur

Question 23

Tubercle (TOO-ber-kul; tuber- = knob)

Answer 23

• Processes that form attachment points for connective tissue
• Variable-sized rounded projections.
• Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 24

Tuberosity

Answer 24

• Processes that form attachment points for connective tissue
• Variable-sized projection that has a rough, bumpy surface.
• Ischial tuberosity of hip bone