08. Evolutionary patterns

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

The history of descent with branching
-evolutionary relationships to
one another unfold in a treelike pattern

Question 2

The process of speciation can be depicted in a …

Answer 2

phylogenetic tree

Question 3

Phylogenetic trees

Answer 3

A hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships within a group

Question 4

Polytomy

Answer 4

any node on a phylogenetic tree that has more than 2 branches & it indicates uncertainty about the relationship

Question 5

Species with _____ nodes share a more recent common ancestor and are more closely related

Answer 5

closer

Question 6

Taxonomy

Answer 6

The ordered division and naming or organisms

Question 7

Taxon

Answer 7

a taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy

Question 8

Sister taxa

Answer 8

groups that share an immediate common ancestor

Question 9

Taxonomic classification

Answer 9

domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 10

Monophyletic group

Answer 10

includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants

Question 11

Paraphyletic group

Answer 11

includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants

Question 12

Polyphyletic group

Answer 12

does not include the common ancestor

Question 13

Synapomorphies

Answer 13

characters present in two or more species and inherited exclusively from their common ancestor
-can be used to help us chart out evolutionary relationships

Question 14

Parsimony

Answer 14

the simplest hypothesis to account for a given set of observations