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A-level AQA Physics > 08 Electromagnetic Radiation > Flashcards

08 Electromagnetic Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different types of radiation?

A

-radio waves
-microwaves
-infrared radiation
-visible light
-ultra violet
-x-rays
-gamma rays

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2
Q

What does visible light form part of?

A

The electromagnetic spectrum.

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3
Q

What is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes can detect?

A

Visible light

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4
Q

What are the similarities between the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

-all travel at the speed of light in a vacuum
-all transverse waves
-all massless
-all can propagate through a vacuum

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5
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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6
Q

What are the angles of incidence and reflection measured between?

A

The ray and the normal

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7
Q

When light travels from air into glass, where is the light refracted?

A

Towards the normal

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8
Q

When light travels from glass into the air, where is the light refracted?

A

Away from the normal

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9
Q

What happens if the light incident is perpendicular to a glass block?

A

It continues in a straight line without refracting.

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10
Q

What is refraction?

A

Light incident upon a glass block at an angle changes direction.

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11
Q

What happens when a light incident upon a glass block at an angle.

A

It changes direction (refraction).

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12
Q

How does light leave a rectangular glass block?

A

Parallel to the ray entering.

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13
Q

How do you find the refractive index of a substance?

A

(Speed of light in a vacuum) / (speed of light in the substance)

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14
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3x10⁸m s‐¹

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15
Q

What is the unit for refractive index?

A

Nothing

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16
Q

What is the value for refractive index always between?

A

1.00 and 4.05

17
Q

When light passes from a low refractive index to a high refractive index, how does it refract?

A

Towards the normal

18
Q

When light passes from a low refractive index to a high refractive index, what happens to its speed?

A

It decreases

19
Q

When light passes from a low refractive index to a high refractive index, what happens to its wavelength?

A

It reduces

20
Q

When light passes from a low refractive index to a high refractive index, what happens to its frequency?

A

It’s constant

21
Q

When light passes from a high refractive index to a low refractive index, how does it refract?

A

Away from the normal

22
Q

When light passes from a high refractive index to a low refractive index, what happens to its speed?

A

It increases

23
Q

When light passes from a high refractive index to a low refractive index, what happens to its wavelength?

A

It increases

24
Q

Who discovered the relationship between angle of incidence and angle of refraction?

A

Willieboard snellius

25
Q

Snell’s law of refraction:

A
26
Q

When light travels through air, what should you assume the refractive index of air to be and why?

A

1.00 because light in air almost travels as fast as light in a vacuum.

27
Q

What is the uncertainty in the angle measurement equal to?

A

The precision of the protractor

28
Q

What is the definition of a critical angle?

A

The critical angle is equal to the incidence angle within a substance which results in a refracted ray having an angle of refraction of 90°.

29
Q

The actual critical angle for a red light is lower than a blue light.
Explain why TIR is more likely to happen when using a red light?

A

There are more angles between the lower critical angle and 90° than the higher critical angles.

30
Q

If the incident angle is equal to the critical angle, what is the angle of refraction?

A

90°

31
Q

During TIR what does the reflected angle look like?

A

Identical to the angle of incidence

32
Q

When the incident angle exceeds the critical angle, what occurs?

A

Total internal reflection (TIR)

33
Q

What must happen for total internal reflection to occur?

A
  1. The angle of incidence must me greater than the critical angle.
  2. The ray of light must be travelling from a high refractive index to a low refractive index.
34
Q

How can you calculate refractive index using the critical angle formula?

A

Sin 90 = 1 so
Sin θc = n2/n1 or
Sin θc = 1/n1

A-level AQA Physics (8 decks)

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