07 (undone) Muscles And Movement Flashcards
Name and give examples of the 3 different types of muscle
Cardiac muscle
- Non voluntary and striated
- movement - heart beating
Smooth muscle
- Non voluntary and non striated
- movement- tube narrowing
Skeletal muscle
- voluntary and striated
- movement- mainly skeletal movements
Describe the anatomy of skeletal muscles including structure, location relative to deep fascia, function and give examples of types
Structure
skeletal muscles are made from many fascicles- muscle fibres (myocyte/muscle Fiber) - myofibrils- Actin and myosin microfilaments
Function
Skeletal muscles can only move a joint if they cross the joint and attach to bones on either side
Types of Skeletal muscle
1) circular - orbicularis oculi (eyeball)
2) pennate- deltoid muscle
3) fusiform(spindle shaped) - biceps brachii
4) quadrate (square shaped) - rectus abdominus
5) flat with aponeurosis- external oblique
Longer muscle fibres- greater range of shortening - greater potential range of movement at joint
Define the term “muscle strain”
When a muscle is strained or pulled, some of the muscle fibres are torn. The more muscle fibres torn, the worse the strain
Define the terms “origin” and “insertion” and give examples
Origin and insertion are two points of attachment to the bone
- original is fixed on one side of the joint
- insertion is a point that moves on the other side
Understand how a skeletal muscle attached to bone and how it moves a joint.
The only thing a skeletal muscle can do is bring the origins and insertion closer together during contraction. During contraction, muscle fibres shorten along the Long axis between the origin and insertion. Muscles shorten during contraction.
Explain the difference between a tendon and an aponeurosis
Tendons attach muscles to bones. They are found on either side of the muscle and are non-contractile.
On the other hand, an aponeurosis is a flattened tendon which is most commonly associated with flat muscles and attach muscles to soft tissue rather than bone.
Describe the anatomy of the biceps brachii muscle and the deltoid muscle
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Describe how the articular surfaces of a joint may affect movements.
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State the process of clinical examination of a skeletal muscle and its function.
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Understand and list the deep tendon reflexes
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Understand the relationship between nerves and muscles, including as part of a reflex arc
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Define the terms “paralysis” and “spasticity” and “atrophy” and “hypertrophy” and “hyperplasia”
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understand the anatomical basis of compartment syndrome and list the limb compartments
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Explain where skeletal muscle transitions to smooth muscle
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