0630 - PH - Burden of Disease I Flashcards
Define burden of disease
a measure of the gap between an individual’s or population’s current health and the optimal state where people complete full life expectancy without suffering major ill-health.
What is the ICD? What were the leading causes of death in from ICD (2010)
international classification of disease. Leading causes of death: ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory cancers, dementia and Alzheimer’s, lower respiratory diseases, breast and prostate cancers.
List some reasons for considering the burden of disease?
(1) compare health conditions or status between populations or of same population over time.
(2) ensure non-fatal health outcomes receive policy attention.
(3) analyse benefits of health interventions.
(4) measure magnitude of different health problems.
(5) provide information to set priorities of health planning, public health programs and research
List some expectancy measures of burden of disease.
Life expectancy, disability-free life expectancy, health-adjusted life expectancy.
Define life expectancy.
average number of years an individual of a given age is expected to live if current mortality rates continue.
What is disability-free life expectancy?
an expectancy measure that takes into account age specific mortality rates and prevalence of disability at that age; years life with disability are not counted - equated to being dead.
What is health -adjusted life expectancy?
a measure of life expectancy that includes adjustment for time spent in poor health.
List some gap measures of burden of disease.
quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
What are quality-adjusted life years?
measure designed to compare improved survival against quality of life - weighs years of life by perceived quality of life - highly subjective. 1 QALY = 1 year of life in perfect health, 0.5 QALY = 6 months in health, 12 months of 50% ill health, etc.
