0630 - PH - Burden of Disease and CVD risk factors Flashcards
Define burden of disease
Measure used to assess and compare the relative impact of different diseases and injuries on populations. A measure of the gap between current health status and the ideal health status. Quantified by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, healthy years lost due to disease and other indicators.
Define a “DALY”.
Disability adjusted life year. sum of YLD (years llived with disability) and YLL (years of life lost - early death from expected life years)
What are the 4 main causes of DALYs in Australia?
Cardio and circulatory diseases, cancers, mental conditions, musculoskeletal problems.
What DALY has had the greatest increasing percentage of change in Australia?
Alzheimer’s.
What are the highest risk factors attributable to increasing burden of disease of Australian DALYs?
dietary risks, high body-mass index, smoking, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, high fasting glucose, high cholesterol, alcohol use, drug use, occupational risks, iron deficiency, lead.
Describe the burden of CVDs in Australia.
2010 - 14% of overall disease burden, 80% of which due to coronary heart disease and stroke. The main types of CVD in Australia are ischaemic heart disease and stroke, followed by heart failure, cardiomyopathy, aortic aneurysm, atrial fibrillation, hypertensive heart disease, endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease.
What age groups are most-likely to be affected?
CVD prevalence increases with increasing age.
List and breakdown risk factors for CVD as either modifiable or non-modifiable
MODIFIABLE: biomedical factors - high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, overweight and obesity, depression; behavioural factors - tobacco smoking, insufficient physical activity, dietary behaviour, excessive alcohol consumption. NON-MODIFIABLE: age, sex, family history, ethnicity.
What is a common CVD risk factor algorithm?
Framingham Risk Equation - looks at age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes.
