06 Female Pelvis Perineum Flashcards
Name the female pelvic organs
Ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, vagina, cervix, urethra, ureter, bladder, rectum, caecum, appendix, parts of sigmoid colon and ileum. Vessels nerves and lymphatics
What structures is completely enveloped by peritoneum. And what is the name of this peritoneum
Fallopian tube
Broad ligament
What is the broad ligament part of
Transverse mesentery
What are different parts of the broad ligament
Mesometrium
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Name the ligaments that attach the ovary and their functions
Suspensory ligament: it extends towards the lateral abdominal wall. It allows the vessels and lymphatics to pass through
Ligament of the ovary: attached to the ovary inferiorly. It connects the ovary to the uterus and joins the uterus just below the origin of the fallopian tubes
Name the 3 cervical ligament
- transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament
- uterosacral ligament
- pubocervical ligament
State the function of cervical ligaments
Anchor the cervix in position with pelvis
State the 4 parts of the Fallopian tube from the most lateral edge
(Fimbriae) Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus Uterine part (Uterus)
State the 3 sections of the uterus from the superior side
Fundus
Body
Neck/cervix of uterus
Describe the transition of epithelial lining of the cervix
Cervical canal: mucus secreting simple columnar epithelial cells
Vaginal cervix: non keratinised stratified squamous epithelial cells
Describe the anatomical position between body of uterus, vagina and cervix
Body of uterus is anteflexed on the cervix
Cervix is anteverted on the vagina (cervix projects into anterior vaginal wall at right angle)
During digital examination through vagina, what structures can you feel
Cervix Ischial spine Sacral pulmontary Uterine artery pulse (lateral fornix) Ovary
What are the main arterial branches supplying pelvic viscera
Superior vesicle
Uterine
Middle rectal
What are the main arterial branches supplying walls of pelvis
Sacral, gluteal and obturator branches
What are the main branches supplying the perineum and recto-anal region
Pudendal artery (via inferior rectal branch)
What is the artery that is equivalent to inferior vesicular artery in females
Vaginal artery
What is the main blood supply to the uterus
Uterine artery
What are the branches of uterine artery and what do they supply
Ascending branch: ovary and uterine tube
Descending branch: vagina
What is the clinical risk during hysterectomy (surgical procedure to remove the whole of the ovary)
Ureter can be tied off accidentally by uterine arteries
What is the origin of the bulb of clitoris, body of clitoris
Corpus spongiosum
Corpus cavernosum
What are the structures that are only present in female in deep perineal space
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
Compressor urethrae
True or false: corpora cavernosae form two large vestibule bulbs around the lower vestibule and vagina
False. It is the corpus spongiosum which divide to form the two vestibular bulb
Where is the pain referred to in the pelvis
Suprapubic region
What nerve does anterior labial nerve derive from
Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
What nerve does S1-3 give rise to
Perineal branch of post cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Describe the lymph drainage of pelvic organ, ovaries and testis and perineum (including anal canal)
Pelvic organs: external and internal iliac node
Ovary/testis: para-aortic node
Perineum (including anal canal): superficial inguinal node
What does pudendal nerve supply
Motor to: perineal muscles, anal & urethral sphincters, lavatory ani
Sensory to: external genitalia (vestibule,labia minora, part of majora, lower vaginal, clitoris, lower anal canal)
