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Pharmacology Test #2 > 06 Drug list > Flashcards

06 Drug list Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazides

A

Diuretic, Hydrochlorothiazide, Metolazone
Hypertension, Heart Failure, Nephrogenic DI (with low NA), act on Distal tube, raises plasma
Lowers Na reabsorb, Higher K+ loss, Low blood volume, Raise CG toxicity, less effective in lean individual. Loop D. more powerful than thiazides and usually for acute use
Side effects: hypokalemia, Lower glucose tolerance, photosensitivity, hearing loss (loop)

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2
Q

Loop Diuretic

A

Diuretic, Furosemide
Heart Failure, Acute hypertension, edema, act on Loop of Henle, Lowers plasma
Lowers Na reabsorb, Higher K+ loss, Low blood volume, Raise CG toxicity, less effective in lean individual. Loop D. more powerful than thiazides and usually for acute use
Side effects: hypokalemia, Lower glucose tolerance, photosensitivity, hearing loss (loop)

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3
Q

Potassium Sparing

A

Diuretic, Spironolactone, (Aldosterone antagonist)
Hypertension, Heart Failure
Act on Collecting tube, no K+ loss, VG combo Rx, block ALD, block Na chan
Lindsey LOVES you!

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4
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Diuretic
Glaucoma, Reverse alkalosis, Mountain s
Proximal tube, Carbonic A inhibitor, low use

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5
Q

Mannitol

A

Diuretic
Acute renal failure, Lower cranial p. Rx excretion
Proximal tube, Freely filtered, Increase osmolarity

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6
Q

Captopril

A

ACEI
Hypertension, Heart Failure, ACE inhibitors
Lower AT-II, Lower TPR, Lower Aldosterone, Lower SNS, Raise bradykinin
Side Effects: Cough, hyperkalemia, altered taste, glossitis, food reduces absorp.
Contraindications/Cautions: Low GFR, pregnancy

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7
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACEI
Hypertension, Heart Failure, ACE inhibitors
Lower AT-II, Lower TPR, Lower Aldosterone, Lower SNS, Raise bradykinin
Side Effects: Cough, hyperkalemia, altered taste, glossitis, food reduces absorp.
Contraindications/Cautions: Low GFR, pregnancy

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8
Q

Enalapril

A

ACEI
Heart Failure, Hypertension (acute and chronic)
ACEI, iv emergency HT, prodrug, T1/2 6 hr

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9
Q

Losartan

A

ACEI
Hypertension, Heart Failure
Type AT1 blocker (ARB), as per ACEI but no cough

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10
Q

Aliskiren

A

ACEI
Hypertension
Direct renin inihibitor, Lower angiotensin I, no cough

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11
Q

Propranolol

A

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist, A-M Beta1 selective
Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, tremor, migraine, hyperthyroidism, panic stress
Beta, non-selective, LA-action, No ISA; v. useful group, depression, insomnia
Contrainidications: Heart Failure, asthma, diabetes

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12
Q

Pindolol

A

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Angina, Hypertension (arrhythmia)
Beta, LA-action, ISA, angina commonly

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13
Q

Timolol

A

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Glaucoma, Hypertension, Angina, Arrhythmia
Beta, no LA-action, no ISA, glaucoma (lower secretion)

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14
Q

Metoprolol

A

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Hypertension, Arrhythmia, Heart Failure, Angina, MI
Beta1, LA-action, no ISA, Arrhythmia, common agent

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15
Q

Atenolol

A 
Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Hypertension, Angina (common), MI, (Heart Failure)
Beta1, no LA-action, no ISA
Contrainidication: Pregnancy
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16
Q

Sotalol

A

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Arrhythmia
Beta, No LA-action, no ISA, block K+ (class III), Raise QT

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17
Q

Labetalol, Carvedilol

A

Beta-Adrenoceptro Antagonist
Hypertension, Heart Failure (carvedilol), Hypertensive crisis
Beta/Alpha, some Beta-agonist action (labetalol)

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18
Q

Verapamil

A 
Calcium Channel Blocker
Non-Dhp
Hypertension, Angina, Arrhythmia
Mainly Cardiac, Lowers Heart Rate, Edema, Constipation
Drug Interactions: Cardiac Glycoside
Contraindication/Caution: Heart Failure
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19
Q

Diltiazem

A 
Calcium Channel Blocker
Non-Dhp
Hypertension, Angina, Arrhythmia
Both cardiac and arterioles, Raises SNS, Lowers Heart Rate
Contraindication/Caution: Heart Failure
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20
Q

Nifedipine

A 
Calcium Channel Blocker
Dhp
Hypertension, Raynauds Disease, PAD
Mainly arterioles, Raises Heart Rate, Edema, gingival hp.
Contraindication: Heart Failure
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21
Q

Amlodipine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
Dhp
Hypertension, Angina, Raynauds Disease, PAD
Mainly aterioles, Raises Heart Rate, Edema, Long acting
Lindsey LOVES you!

22
Q

Clonidine

A

Drug Acting on the Sympathetic NS
Hypertension, Opioid and nicotine withdraw (ADHD)
Alpha2, Lowers CNS sympathetic outflow, Lowers Norepinephrine release, rebound hypertension
Side effects: Dry mouth, sedation, impotence

23
Q

Alpha-Methyl-Dopa

A

Drug Acting on the Sympathetic NS
Hypertension, Opioid and nicotine withdraw (ADHD)
Alpha2, Lowers CNS sympathetic outflow, Lowers Norepinephrine release, rebound hypertension
Side effects: Dry mouth, sedation, impotence
Alpha-methyl-dopa to Alpha-methyl-NE (alpha2 agonist, preg)

24
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Pheochromocytoma (Acute and Chronic), Hypertension (Acute and Chronic)
Alpha1, irreversible
Side effects: Postural Hypotension, Reflex tachycardia, long acting

25
Q

Phentolamine

A

Alpha-Adrenocetpor Antagonist
Pheochromocytoma, Acute Hypertension
Alpha, Competitive, Non-Selective
Side effects: Postural hypotension, Reflex Raise Heart rate

26
Q

Prazosin

A

Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Benign prostate hypertrophy, Hypertension (Acute and Chronic)
Alpha1, Competitive, No reflex tachycardia, First pass effect
Side effects: Postural hypotension, Nausea, Drowsiness

27
Q

Terazosin

A

Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Benign prostate hypertrophy, Hypertension (Acute and Chronic)
Alpha1, Competitive, No reflex tachycardia, First pass effect
Side effects: Postural hypotension, Nausea, Drowsiness

28
Q

Dopamine

A

Misc. Agent
Shock to raised blood pressure (renal vasodil ?, D), Heart Failure
Alpha1, Beta1, D receptors, precursor to NE
Drug Interactions: MAOI
Lindsey LOVES you!

29
Q

Fenoldopam

A

Misc. Agent
Acute hypertension, Renal failure
D, A-receptor agonist
Side Effects: Raise Heart Rate, Raise ocular P., Lower K+

30
Q

Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator
Hypertension, Heart Failure
Direct vasodilate, Mainly arterioles lowers TPR, Combo Rx
Side Effects: Reflex Raise SNS, flushing, palpitations, Lupus

31
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator
Actue Hypertension crisis and heart failure
Raise NO, Raise cGMP, veins and arterioles lowers TPR, iv only, toxic oral
Side effects: Cyanide toxicity, methhemoglobinemia

32
Q

Minoxidil

A

Vasodilator
Hypertension, Heart Failure, Baldness
Open K+ channel, Hypertrichosis, Mainly arterioles, Lower TPR
Side effects: Reflex raise SNS, fluid retention, hyperglycemia

33
Q

Diazoxide

A

Vasodilator
Hypertensive crisis
Open K+ channel, Hypertrichosis, Mainly arterioles, Lower TPR
Side effects: Reflex raise SNS, fluid retention, hyperglycemia

34
Q

Digoxin

A

Cardiac Glycoside
Heart Failure, Arrhythmia
Inhibit Na/K ATPase, Raise [Ca++]i, Raise [Na+]i, Raise CO, Raise vagus activity, Low TI; kidney T 1/2 35 hr
Side Effects: Tachycardia, Visual halo, Nausea, Vomiting
T: VT/VF; AV block
Interactions: Raise toxicity, Ca++ blockers ie verapamil, diuretics, quinidine, CAs, Amiod

35
Q

Lisinopril, Losartan

A

ACEI/ARBs
Hypertension, Heart Failure
Lower pre/afterload, Raise use HF, break neurohumoral cycle

36
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta1
Heart Failure (acute), Cardiac stimulant
IV, Raise CO, tolerance, may cause angina
Lindsey LOVES you!

37
Q

Milrinone, Amrinone

A 
Inh. PDE3
Heart Failure (chronic and acute)
Lower pre/afterload, Raise cAMP, [raise mortality, oral]
38
Q

Metoprolol, Carvedilol, Bisoprolol

A

Beta Blockers
Heart Failure (only these are FDA approved), Angina, Arrhythmias, Hypertension
Lower SNS activity, Lower afterload, Raise use Heart Failure
Contrainidications/Cautions: Heart Failure if unstable, Bronchospasm, Severe decreased heart rate (low reserve)

39
Q

Hydralazine, Bidil et al

A

Vasodilators
Hypertension, Heart Failure
Lower preload, Lowers afterload, Decrease mortality, not primary Rx

40
Q

Nesiritide

A

Beta-naturiuretic peptide
Severe decomp Heart Failure (Class IV, acute, iv)
Raise cGMP to vasodilation, Lowers pre/afterload, 20 minutes
Lindsey LOVES you!

41
Q

Thiazides, Furosemide et al

A

Diuretics
Hypertension, Heart Failure
Lower Pre/afterload, Lower congestion (furosemide)
Drug Interactions: CG

42
Q

Nicotine

A

Ganglionic Agent
Insecticide, Cigarettes
N-agonist, (blocker)
Toxicity: Convulsions, vomiting, cardiovascular system

43
Q

Trimethapan

A

Ganglionic Agent
Lower Blood pressure during surgery, Nn-antagonists (competitive)
Not oral
Side Effects: PHT, mydriasis

44
Q

Mecamylamine

A

Ganglionic Agent
Lower Blood pressure during surgery, Nn-antagonists (competitive)
Active Orally
Side Effects: PHT, mydriasis

45
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Neuromuscular Junction Agent
NMJ paralysis, Depolarizing block, Short acting due to plasma AchE
Fasciculations, Not reversible, Atypical AchE, Malignant H, Hyperkalemia (delayed, burn/trauma)

46
Q

Tubocurarine

A

Neuromuscular Junction Agent
NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors
Nm, Some histamine release and ganglia block

47
Q

Gallamine

A

Neuromuscular Junction Agent
NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors
Nm, some M-receptor block
Other competitive agents eliminated: kidney and liver

48
Q

Mivacurium

A

Neuromuscular Junction Agent
NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors
Short acting, 10-20 minutes, slight histamine release
Mivacurium hydrolysed by AchE, liver

49
Q

Rocuronium

A

Neuromuscular Junction Agent
NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors
Fast onset (1-2 minutes), short-intermediate duration (30-40 minutes)
Kidney,

50
Q

Pancuronium

A

-less histamine, more potent than tubocurarine,
-lack of ganglionic blockage
Neuromuscular Junction Agent
NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors

51
Q

Dantrolene

A 
Neuromuscular Junction Agents
Malignant hyperthermia, Cerebral palsy
Inhibit SR Ca release, Malignant H
Drug of Choice
Lindsey LOVES you!
52
Q

Atracurium

A

Hoffman deg (cisAtracurium), safer for patients with renal or liver disease

Pharmacology Test #2 (7 decks)

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