0526 - Musculosketal structures in the neck - EG

Question 1

At what vertebral level does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occur?

Answer 1

CIII/IV

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of fascia within the neck?

Answer 2

Investing, pre-tracheal, and prevertebral

Question 3

How is the carotid sheath formed?

Answer 3

By the deep layer of the investing fascia

Question 4

What is found within the carotid sheath?

Answer 4

Common/internal carotid aa
internal jugular v.
vagus n with included fibres from accessory, and parts of IX.

Question 5

The posterior ligament that runs medially down the neck and is attached superiorly to the occipital crest is?

Answer 5

Ligamentum Nuchae

Question 6

Within which fascia of the neck is the oesophagus located?

Answer 6

Pre-tracheal fascia

Question 7

Within which ligament flavum does the vertebral artery pierce?

Answer 7

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 8

Which ligaments join adjacent vertebral arches?

Answer 8

ligamentum flavum

Question 9

What specialisation of the anterior longitudinal ligament attaches to the arch of atlas to the base of the skull?

Answer 9

The anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 10

What ligaments are important in stabilising the atlanto-occipital joint and dens?

Answer 10

anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (of anterior longitudinal ligament); apical ligament of dens; tectorial membrane (of posterior longitudinal ligament); alar ligament;

Question 11

What ligaments help to stabilise the dens?

Answer 11

transverse ligament of atlas; superior longitudinal band; alar ligament; apical ligament of dens

Question 12

What happens to the dens in hanging?

Answer 12

the weight of the body fractures the dens, forces it through the spinal cord, even into the brainstem (death).

Question 13

What are the 5 muscle groups of the neck?

Answer 13

postvertebral; lateral vertebral; infra-hyoid; sub-occipital; anterior vertebral

Question 14

List the muscles of the postvertebral muscle group of the neck.

Answer 14

splenius; longissimus; semispinals; all of these have two divisions: a cervicus and capitus. lie deep to the trapezius.

Question 15

List the muscles of the sub-occipital muscle group of the neck.

Answer 15

semispinalis capitus; obliquus capitus superior; obliquus capitus inferior; rectus capitus posterior minor; rectus capitus posterior major; splenius capitus

Question 16

Which muscle group of the neck is involved in reflex turning of the head?

Answer 16

sub-occipital

Question 17

Which nerves innervate the sub-occipital muscle group of the neck?

Answer 17

C1-3

Question 18

Which joint is involved in nodding “yes”?

Answer 18

atlanto-occipital joint

Question 19

Which joint is involved in shaking the head “no”?

Answer 19

atlanto-axial joint

Question 20

List the muscles of the anterior group muscles of the neck.

Answer 20

Rectus capitus longus; rectus capitus anterior; longus capitus; longus colli

Question 21

List the muscles of the lateral group muscles of the neck.

Answer 21

Scalenus anterior; scalenus medius; scalenus posterior; levator scapulae.

Question 22

Which two muscles does the subclavian artery pass through as it superiorly transverses the first rib?

Answer 22

scalenus anterior and scalenus medius

Question 23

What are the borders of the subclavian triangle?

Answer 23

Laterally bordered by the medial border of scalenus anterior; medially bordered by the lateral border of the longus colli muscle; posterior border of the superior border of the first rib/superior border of clavicle.

Question 24

What is found within the subclavian triangle?

Answer 24

The sympathetic trunk - specifically the middle cervical ganglion and inferior cervical ganglion (also known as stellate or cervicothoracic ganglion)

Question 25

List the muscles of the infra-hyoid muscles group of the neck. What cervical nerves innervate them?

Answer 25

sternohyoid; omohyoid; sternothyroid; thyrohyoid.

Innervated by C1-3.

Question 26

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Answer 26

midline of the neck; anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid; inferior margin of mandible

Question 27

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

Answer 27

posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid; anterior margin of trapezius; clavicle.