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Symptoms > 040715 dyspnea > Flashcards

040715 dyspnea Flashcards

1
Q

causes of heart failure

A

HTN
valvular
ischemia
cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

for reduced ejection fraction heart failure, what drugs have shown a decrease in mortality

A

beta-SA:

beta blocker
spironolactone
ACE inhibitor or ARB

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3
Q

ECHO can be used to look at what for heart

A

size of ventricles, atria
for valvular stenosis, regurg
for systolic function

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4
Q

side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
orthostatic hypotension

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5
Q

causes of dyspnea

A

pulmonary (COPD, asthma, infection, pneumothorax)

cardiac (heart failure, MI, arrhythmia, valvular disorder, cardiac tamponade)

neuro/musculosk (ALS, myasthenia gravis, rib fracture)

hematologic (anemia, pulmonary embolism)

upper airway (angioedema, anaphylaxis, foreign body)

toxic/metabolic (metabolic acidosis, poisoning by CO or salicylate)

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6
Q

preserved EF causes of heart failure

A

HTN
aging
restrictive cardiomyopathy (hemochromatosis)
infiltrative (amyloidosis, sarcoidosis)

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7
Q

reduced EF causes of heart failure

A 
coronary artery disease/MI
HTN
toxins (alcohol, doxorubicin, cocaine)
viral
idiopathic
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8
Q

what diagnostic tests would you do for heart failure?

A

EKG (arrythmias, MI)
CXR (cardiomegaly)
ECHO

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9
Q

what provides immediate symptom relief of dyspnea caused by heart failure

A

furosemide

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10
Q

arteriolar dilators

A

hydralazine
minoxidil
calcium channel blockers

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11
Q

venodilators

A

nitrates

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12
Q

a fib can be treated w

A

diltiazem

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13
Q

which drug regimen has been shown to reduce mortality in heart failure w preserved EF?

A

none

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14
Q

which drug regimen has been shown to reduce mortality in heart failure w reduced EF?

A

beta blockers
spironolactone
ACE/ARBs

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15
Q

biggest risks of furosemide

A

hypokalemia, hyperuricemia

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16
Q

tx for a fib

A

control rate-diltiazem
prevent stroke-warfarin
prevent or improve CHF-furosemide

17
Q

what test to diagnose PE?

A

calculate Wells score and get D-dimer. if score is above 4, should do CT angiography

chest CT

18
Q

acute tx of PE?

A

heparin (unfractionated)
fondaparinux
enoxaparin (LMWH)
tPA

19
Q

what are advantages of new ORAL anticoags (rivaroxaban, dabigatran) over warfarin

A 
rapid onset of action
absence of food interactions
fewer strong drug interactions
wide therapeutic window
fewer adverse effects
lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage
20
Q

long term management for PE

A

warfarin
rivaroxaban
dabigatran

Symptoms (18 decks)

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