040.02 Basics of Flight Physiology and Health Maintenance Flashcards
1
Q
Ozone consists of molecular (oxygen/hydrogen).
A
Ozone consists of molecular (oxygen).
- Ozone = O3 -
2
Q
State through which of the following Cholera is transmitted:
- droplets in the air cause by the breath of an infected person.
- food or water which has been contaminated.
- bacteria in the form of spores via a puncture in the skin.
- insect bites.
A
State through which of the following Cholera is transmitted:
- droplets in the air cause by the breath of an infected person.
- food or water which has been contaminated.
- bacteria in the form of spores via a puncture in the skin.
- insect bites.
3
Q
The type of hypoxia described is (…) hypoxia.
“Insufficient oxygen in the air that is breathed or when condition prevent the diffusion of O2 from the lungs to the bloodstream.”
A
The type of hypoxia described is (hypoxic) hypoxia.
“Insufficient oxygen in the air that is breathed or when condition prevent the diffusion of O2 from the lungs to the bloodstream.”
4
Q
You suffered a rapid decompression without the appearance of any decompression sickness symptoms. You should wait at least (…) hours until your next flight.
A
You suffered a rapid decompression without the appearance of any decompression sickness symptoms. You should wait at least (12) hours until your next flight.
5
Q
Records of radiation are normally kept for flights above (40 000/45 000/49 000/55 000) ft.
A
Records of radiation are normally kept for flights above (49 000) ft.
6
Q
When suffering from hupoxia, short-term memory impairment starts at approximately (8/12/16/22) 000 ft.
A
When suffering from hupoxia, short-term memory impairment starts at approximately (12) 000 ft.
7
Q
Normal rate of breathing of anadult at rest is about (…) cycles per minute.
A
Normal rate of breathing of anadult at rest is about (16) cycles per minute.
- 12 to 20 cycles a minute -*
- 10 to 15 breaths per min -*
8
Q
Myopia is commenly called (long/short)sightedness. The optical image forms (in front of/behind) the retina.
A
Myopia is commenly called (short)sightedness. The optical image forms (in front of) the retina.
9
Q
CO is 200 times (more/less) easily attached to haemoglobin than oxygen.
A
CO is 200 times (more) easily attached to haemoglobin than oxygen.
10
Q
State the altitude range for the four stages of hypoxia:
- Indifferent → (…) to (…)
- Compensatory → (…) to (…)
- Disturbance → (…) to (…)
- Critical → (…) to (…)
A
State the altitude range for the four stages of hypoxia:
- Indifferent → (0) to (6 000)
- Compensatory → (6 000) to (15 000)
- Disturbance → (15 000) to (20 000)
- Critical → (20 000) to (23 000)
11
Q
The normal sleep cycle is approximately every (…) minutes.
A
The normal sleep cycle is approximately every (90) minutes.
12
Q
The main function of the red blood cells is to (…).
A
The main function of the red blood cells is to (transport oxygen).
13
Q
Tetanus is transmitted through bacteria in the form of spores via (…).
A
Tetanus is transmitted through bacteria in the form of spores via (a puncture in the skin).
14
Q
The reaction threshold at which a pilot not using oxygen’s body starts with remarkable measures to compensate for teh drop in partial O2 pressure is (…) ft.
A
The critical threshold at which a pilot not using oxygen reaches the critical or lethal zone is (7000) ft.
15
Q
Symptomps of hypoxia may be (…).
A
Symptomps of hypoxia may be (lack of concentration, fatigue, euphoria).
16
Q
The partial pressure of the respiratory gases within the pulmonary alveoli is:
- (5/40/46/47) mmHg ppCO2
- (10/47/150) mmHg ppH2O
- (0.03/40/100/150) mmHg ppO2
A
The partial pressure of the respiratory gases within the pulmonary alveoli is:
- (40) mmHg ppCO2
- (47) mmHg ppH2O
- (100) mmHg ppO2
17
Q
Presbyopia is a (…) of teh crystalline lens.
A
Presbyopia is a (loss of elasticity) of teh crystalline lens.
18
Q
If an air mass is (warmed/cooled), its relative humidity increases.
A
If an air mass is (warmed), its relative humidity increases.
19
Q
A human breathing 100% oxygen at 40 000 ft is the equivalent of breathing air at (sea level/8000/10000/21300) (ft).
A
A human breathing 100% oxygen at 40 000 ft is the equivalent of breathing air at (10 000).
20
Q
The normal visual acuity allows discrimination of two different points under an angle of 1 (second/minute/degree) of arc.
A
The normal visual acuity allows discrimination of two different points under an angle of 1 (minute) of arc.
21
Q
Lack of Vitamin (A/B/C/K) can cause deterioration in night vision.
A
Lack of Vitamin (A) can cause deterioration in night vision.
22
Q
A human breathing 100% oxygen at 33 700 ft is the equivalent of breathing air at (sea level/8000/10000/21300) (ft).
A
A human breathing 100% oxygen at 33 700 ft is the equivalent of breathing air at (sea level).
23
Q
The type of hypoxia described is (…) hypoxia.
“When there is interference with the use of O2 by body tissues. Alcohol, narcotics and certain poisons interfere with the cells’ ability to use an adequate supply of oxygen.”
A
The type of hypoxia described is (histotoxic) hypoxia.
“When there is interference with the use of O2 by body tissues. Alcohol, narcotics and certain poisons interfere with the cells’ ability to use an adequate supply of oxygen.”
24
Q
Semicircular canals form part of the (inner/middle/outer) ear.
A
Semicircular canals form part of the (inner) ear.
25
The average amount of cosmic radiation that flight crew members receive per year is about **(half/equal to/double)** the amount of background radiation.
The average amount of cosmic radiation that flight crew members receive per year is about **(equal to)** the amount of background radiation.
26
Hypermetropia is commenly called **(long/short)**sightedness. The optical image forms **(in front of/behind)** the retina.
Hypermetropia is commenly called **(long)**sightedness. The optical image forms **(behind)** the retina.
27
A thin sheet of paper or 0.2 cm of water can absorb **(alpha/beta/gamma)** radiation.
A thin sheet of paper or 0.2 cm of water can absorb **(alpha)** radiation.
28
The threshold of pain for sound intensity is **(95/115/140/170)** dB.
The threshold of pain for sound intensity is **(140)** dB.
29
A stroke occurs when blood supply to a certain part of **(...)** is cut off.
A stroke occurs when blood supply to a certain part of **(the brain)** is cut off.
30
During the gas exchange, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is **(higher/lower)** than in the blood.
During the gas exchange, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is **(lower)** than in the blood.
31
State the general gas law
(P • V) ÷ T = constant
32
The rate and depth of breathing is primarily controlled by the amount of **(...)** in the blood.
The rate and depth of breathing is primarily controlled by the amount of **(carbon dioxide)** in the blood.
33
Vision of the eye in well lit conditions is called **(Photopic/Scotopic)** vision. It is vision through the operation of the **(Rods/Cones)**.
Vision of the eye in well lit conditions is called **(Photopic)** vision. It is vision through the operation of the **(Cones)**.
34
Yellow fever is contracted by a virus transmitted **(...)**.
Yellow fever is contracted by a virus transmitted **(by an infected mosquito)**.
35
Vision of the eye in low light conditions is called **(Photopic/Scotopic)** vision. It is vision through the operation of the **(Rods/Cones)**.
Vision of the eye in low light conditions is called **(Scotopic)** vision. It is vision through the operation of the **(Rods)**.
36
Symptoms caused by gas bubbles under the skin follwoing a decompression are called **(...)**.
Symptoms caused by gas bubbles under the skin follwoing a decompression are called **(creeps)**.
37
Approaches at night without visual references ont he ground can make the pilot believe of being **(higher/lower)** than actual altitude with the risk of **(overshooting/ducking under)**.
Approaches at night without visual references ont he ground can make the pilot believe of being **(higher)** than actual altitude with the risk of **(ducking under)**.
38
About **(13/35/50/70)**% of our knowledge is acquired through hearing.
About **(13)**% of our knowledge is acquired through hearing.
39
After scuba diving or sub-aqua diving (more than 30 ft of depth) you have to wait at least **(...)** hours before flying again.
After scuba diving or sub-aqua diving (more than 30 ft of depth) you have to wait at least **(24)** hours before flying again.
40
During a normal 8 hour sleep, **(...)** bouts of REM sleep are experienced.
During a normal 8 hour sleep, **(4-5)** bouts of REM sleep are experienced.
41
State the formula to calculate BMI.
BMI = m ÷ h2
m = mass [kg]
h = height [m]
42
Dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes active by **(night/day)**.
Dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes active by **(day)**.
43
Blood with a low saturation is in the pulmonary **(artery/veins)**.
Blood with a low saturation is in the pulmonary **(artery)**.
44
Symptoms caused by gas bubbles in the lungs, following a decompression are called **(...)**.
Symptoms caused by gas bubbles in the lungs, following a decompression are called **(chokes)**.
45
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 20 000 ft is **(...)**.
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 20 000 ft is **(30 min)**.
46
The type of hypoxia described is **(...)** hypoxia.
## Footnote
*"The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is adequate, but there is inadequate circulation, for example during excessive G-forces."*
The type of hypoxia described is **(stagnant)** hypoxia.
## Footnote
*"The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is adequate, but there is inadequate circulation, for example during excessive G-forces."*
47
Accomodation is performed by adapting the shape of the **(...)**.
Accomodation is performed by adapting the shape of the **(crystalline lens)**.
48
During hyperventilation, the blood becomes more **(acid/alkaline)**.
During hyperventilation, the blood becomes more **(alkaline)**.
49
The fovea is an aera in which **(rods/cones)** predominate.
The fovea is an aera in which **(cones)** predominate.
50
The correct remedial action if symptoms of hyperventilation occur at an altitude where hypoxia is not a consideration is to **(increase/decrease)** the rate and **(increase/decrease)** the depth of breathing.
The correct remedial action if symptoms of hyperventilation occur at an altitude where hypoxia is not a consideration is to **(decrease)** the rate and **(decrease)** the depth of breathing.
51
Astigmatism is normally caused by a **(...)**.
Astigmatism is normally caused by a **(mis-shaped cornea)**.
52
The ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes) are located in the **(inner/middle/outer)** ear.
The ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes) are located in the **(middle)** ear.
53
The eye needs about **(...)** to fully adapt to the dark
The eye needs about **(30 minutes)** to fully adapt to the dark
54
With increasing altitude the total pressure **(decreases/remains constant)** and the partial pressure **(decreases/remains constant)**.
With increasing altitude the total pressure **(decreases)** and the partial pressure **(decreases)**.
55
Galactic radiation is **(steady/unsteady)** and **(reasonably perdictable/unpredictable)**.
Galactic radiation is **(steady)** and **(reasonably perdictable)**.
56
CO affects O2 carriage in the blood by **(...)**.
CO affects O2 carriage in the blood by **(binding to the haemoglobin before O2 does)**.
57
The **(semicircular canals/statolith organs)** react mainly to gravitational force and linear accelerations (turns).
The **(statolith (or otoliths) organs)** react mainly to gravitational force and linear accelerations (acceleration).
58
Pain in the joints caused by gas bubbles following a decompression is called **(...)**.
Pain in the joints caused by gas bubbles following a decompression is called **(bends)**.
59
Grey out can be observed if a pilot is subjected to more than **(+ / -)** 3 **(Gx/Gy/Gz)**.
Grey out can be observed if a pilot is subjected to more than **(+)** 3 **(Gz)**.
60
State the normal BMI range for male and female.
Male: 18.5 - 24.9 (25)
Female: 17.5 - 23.9 (24)
61
Somatographic illusion gives the pilot a false impression of **(...)**.
Somatographic illusion gives the pilot a false impression of **(climbing or descending)**.
62
Contact lenses can be considered an acceptable means of visual correction for pilot only when he's **(far/near)**-sighted.
Contact lenses can be considered an acceptable means of visual correction for pilot only when he's **(near)**-sighted.
63
At rest the cardiac output (the quantity of blood the heart pumps in one minute) of an adult is approximately **(...)** per minute.
At rest the cardiac output (the quantity of blood the heart pumps in one minute) of an adult is approximately **(5 liters)** per minute.
64
About **(...)** ml of air is exchanged during anormal breathing cycle (tidal volume).
About **(500)** ml of air is exchanged during anormal breathing cycle (tidal volume).
65
The law of diffusion is also known as **(...)**''s law.
The law of diffusion is also known as **(Fick)**''s law.
66
The adjustment of the eyes to high or low levels of illumination is called **(...)**.
The adjustment of the eyes to high or low levels of illumination is called **(adaption)**.
67
Neuronal signals travel **(chemically/electrically)** along the axon and **(chemically/electrically)** via the synaptic gap.
Neuronal signals travel **(electrically)** along the axon and **(chemically)** via the synaptic gap.
68
Hyperventilation causes too much **(oxygen/CO2)** to be removed from the blood causing the level of carbonic acid to **(rise/fall)**.
Hyperventilation causes too much **(CO2)** to be removed from the blood causing the level of carbonic acid to **(fall)**.
69
The brain and the **(brain stem/spinal cord)** are the main parts of the CNS and vision is processed at the **(...)**.
The brain and the **(spinal cord)** are the main parts of the CNS and vision is processed at the **(cortex)**.
70
During a flight at constant altitude and overflying an area of large trees, followed by an area of small trees, the appearance of the small trees being further away than the large trees, meaning a first impression of flying at a higher altitude, is **(bottom-up/top-down)** processing.
During a flight at constant altitude and overflying an area of large trees, followed by an area of small trees, the appearance of the small trees being further away than the large trees, meaning a first impression of flying at a higher altitude, is **(top-down)** processing.
71
The physiological rhytms of a pilot in a new time zone will resynchronise to this new time zone at a rate of about **(...)** hours a day.
The physiological rhytms of a pilot in a new time zone will resynchronise to this new time zone at a rate of about **(1 - 1.5)** hours a day.
72
Stereoscopic vision is the **(ability/lack of ability)** to focus both eyes on a single object.
Stereoscopic vision is the **(ability)** to focus both eyes on a single object.
73
Glaucoma is due to a(n) **(increase/decrease)** in pressure of the liquid within the eye.
Glaucoma is due to a(n) **(increase)** in pressure of the liquid within the eye.
74
The **(semicircular canals/statolith organs)** react mainly to angular accelerations (turns).
The **(semicircular canals)** react mainly to angular accelerations (turns).
75
The maximum EASA blood/alcohol limit for flight and cabin crew is **(...)** milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood.
The maximum EASA blood/alcohol limit for flight and cabin crew is **(20)** milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood.
76
When spinning an aircraft, the predominating type of acceleration will be **(...)** acceleration.
When spinning an aircraft, the predominating type of acceleration will be **(angular)** acceleration.
77
A balloon is often used to illustrate the effects of **(...)** gas law.
A balloon is often used to illustrate the effects of **(Boyle's)** gas law.
78
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 25 000 ft is **(...)**.
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 25 000 ft is **(2-3 min)**.
79
The heart consists of **(two/four)** atria, **(two/four)** ventricles and **(two/four)** valves.
The heart consists of **(two)** atria, **(two)** ventricles and **(four)** valves.
80
The annual amount of radiation (Sievert) that may have adverse effects on your health is **(1/10/100/1000)** mSv.
The annual amount of radiation (Sievert) that may have adverse effects on your health is **(100)** mSv.
81
In the inner ear, sacculus, utriculus and otoliths are sensitive to **(...)**.
In the inner ear, sacculus, utriculus and otoliths are sensitive to **(linear acceleration and gravity)**.
82
From **(...)** ft you can suffer from hypoxia.
From **(6000)** ft you can suffer from hypoxia.
83
The type of hypoxia described is **(...)** hypoxia.
## Footnote
*"Caused by a reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Anaemia and blood loss are the most common causes of this type."*
The type of hypoxia described is **(hypaemic or anaemic)** hypoxia.
## Footnote
*"Caused by a reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Anaemia and blood loss are the most common causes of this type."*
84
When flying at night the scanning technique to be used is **(...)**.
When flying at night the scanning technique to be used is **(to look to the side (10° - 15°) of the object)**.
85
State through which of the following Hepatitis A is transmitted:
* droplets in the air cause by the breath of an infected person.
* food or water which has been contaminated.
* bacteria in the form of spores via a puncture in the skin.
* insect bites.
State through which of the following Hepatitis A is transmitted:
* droplets in the air cause by the breath of an infected person.
* **food or water which has been contaminated.**
* bacteria in the form of spores via a puncture in the skin.
* insect bites.
86
The critical threshold at which a pilot not using oxygen reaches the critical or lethal zone is **(...)** ft.
The critical threshold at which a pilot not using oxygen reaches the critical or lethal zone is **(22 000)** ft.
87
A clear portion of the eye where the light passes through is called the **(...)**.
A clear portion of the eye where the light passes through is called the **(cornea)**. *= hoornvlies*
88
A male person is considered obese when he has a BMI of over **(...)**. For a female person this is **(...)**.
A male person is considered obese when he has a BMI of over **(30)**. For a female person this is **(29)**.
89
Barotrauma is caused by **(...)**.
Barotrauma is caused by **(differences in pressure between the sinus cavities and the outside pressure, blocked Eustachian Tube)**.
90
The law that explains bubbles of nitrogen coming out of solution in body tissues due to a decrease in atmospheric pressure is **(...)** law.
The law that explains bubbles of nitrogen coming out of solution in body tissues due to a decrease in atmospheric pressure is **(Henry's)** law.
91
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 40 000 ft is **(...)**.
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 40 000 ft is **(15-20 sec)**.
92
Adjustment to the destination time in case of circadian rhytm disruption (jet lag) takes longer when traveling **(east/west)**.
Adjustment to the destination time in case of circadian rhytm disruption (jet lag) takes longer when traveling **(east)**.
93
Including REM there are **(...)** sleep stages.
Including REM there are **(5)** sleep stages.
94
The credit/debit system of the sleep/wake cycle means that every one hour of sleep puts the body in credit by **(...)**.
The credit/debit system of the sleep/wake cycle means that every one hour of sleep puts the body in credit by **(two hours)**.
95
Henry's law explains the occurence of **(...)**.
Henry's law explains the occurence of **(decompression sickness)**.
96
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 30 000 ft is **(...)**.
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 30 000 ft is **(1-2 min)**.
## Footnote
*- between 45 seconds and 1 minute 30 seconds -*
97
Preventing hypoxia at altitude is achieved by pressurizing the air inside the aircraft to achieve oxygen saturation in blood of more than **(30/90)**%.
Preventing hypoxia at altitude is achieved by pressurizing the air inside the aircraft to achieve oxygen saturation in blood of more than **(90)**%.
98
**(50/75/85/90)%** of our knowledge is aquired through sight.
**(75)%** of our knowledge is aquired through sight.
99
A day blind spot is caused by the **(optic nerve/fovea)** not havind rods and cones which creates a blind spot.
A day blind spot is caused by the **(optic nerve)** not havind rods and cones which creates a blind spot.
100
Angina is a symptom of reduced oxygen supply to the **(brain/heart muscle)**, usually caused by narrowing or obstruction of the **(lung alveoli/coronary artery)**.
Angina is a symptom of reduced oxygen supply to the **(heart muscle)**, usually caused by narrowing or obstruction of the **(coronary artery)**.
## Footnote
*- like a heart attack, but less severe -*
101
Hypoxia can affect night vision from approximately **(...)** ft.
Hypoxia can affect night vision from approximately **(5000)** ft.
## Footnote
*- 1500 m -*
102
The rate of metabolism (for alcohol to disappear from the blood) is on average **(...)** mille per hour.
The rate of metabolism (for alcohol to disappear from the blood) is on average **(0.1 to 0.15)** mille per hour.
103
In the inner ear, semicircular canals are sensitive to **(...)**.
In the inner ear, semicircular canals are sensitive to **(angular accelerations)**.
## Footnote
*- Roll change -*
104
If an airplane if flyingt into fog, snow or haze, the illision that objects **(...)** may occur.
If an airplane if flyingt into fog, snow or haze, the illision that objects **(seem to be farther away than in reality)** may occur.
105
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 35 000 ft is **(...)**.
Time of Usefull Consciousness (TUC) at 35 000 ft is **(30-90 sec)**.
106
Haemoglobin is found in **(...)**.
Haemoglobin is found in **(the red blood cells)**.
107
Proprioceptors sense **(...)**.
Proprioceptors sense **(joint positions)**.
